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Enoplia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Enoplia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Enoplea
Subclass: Enoplia
Pearse, 1942
Orders

The Enoplia are a subclass of nematodes in the class Enoplea.

Description

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Enoplians are characterized by amphids shaped like ovals, stirrups, or pouches. Their bodies are smooth, without rings or lines. The esophagus is cylindrical and glandular.[1]

Taxonomy

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Lorenzen described two orders, Enoplida and Trefusiida, in the 1980s based on morphology. With the advent of phylogenetic analysis, a reorganisation has been necessary, moving the Triplonchida here to create three orders and expanding it.[1][2] [3]

The orders are distinguished mainly by habitat type.[4][3]

Phylogeny

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Enoplia is regarded as the earliest nematode branch, according to recent phylogenetic analysis.[5] Enoplia is mentioned as a sister clade to Dorylaima and Chromadoria.[5][6]

References

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  1. ^ a b Subclass Enoplia. Archived 2013-10-10 at the Wayback Machine Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version July 26, 2012.
  2. ^ Phylum Nematoda. Nematode Classification. Department of Nematology. University of California, Riverside.
  3. ^ a b Lee 2010.
  4. ^ Bik, H. M.; et al. (2010). "Moving towards a complete molecular framework of the Nematoda: a focus on the Enoplida and early-branching clades". BMC Evol. Biol. 10 (1): 353. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..353B. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-353. PMC 2995457. PMID 21073704.
  5. ^ a b Ahmed, Mohammed; Roberts, Nickellaus G.; Adediran, Funmilola; Smythe, Ashleigh B.; Kocot, Kevin M.; Holovachov, Oleksandr (2022). "Phylogenomic Analysis of the Phylum Nematoda: Conflicts and Congruences With Morphology, 18S rRNA, and Mitogenomes". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9. doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.769565. ISSN 2296-701X.
  6. ^ Holterman, Martijn; van der Wurff, Andre; van den Elsen, Sven; van Megen, Hanny; Bongers, Tom; Holovachov, Oleksandr; Bakker, Jaap; Helder, Johannes (June 21, 2006). "Phylum-Wide Analysis of SSU rDNA Reveals Deep Phylogenetic Relationships among Nematodes and Accelerated Evolution toward Crown Clades". Molecular Biology and Evolution. pp. 1792–1800. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl044. PMID 16790472. Retrieved 2024-02-15.

Bibliography

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  • Blaxter, Mark L.; De Ley, Paul; Garey, James R.; Liu, Leo X.; Scheldeman, Patsy; Vierstraete, Andy; Vanfleteren, Jacques R.; Mackey, Laura Y.; Dorris, Mark; Frisse, Linda M.; Vida, J. T.; Thomas, W. Kelley (5 March 1998). "A molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum Nematoda". Nature. 392 (6671): 71–75. Bibcode:1998Natur.392...71B. doi:10.1038/32160. PMID 9510248. S2CID 4301939.
  • Lee, Donald L, ed. (2010). The biology of nematodes. London: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0415272117. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  • De Ley, P & Blaxter, M 2004, 'A new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa'. in R Cook & DJ Hunt (eds), Nematology Monographs and Perspectives. vol. 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 633–653.