Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country]

Population

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The table shows aboriginal identities (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers), by sex, age groups and residence on or off reserve.
Characteristic	Canada [Country]
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	Total - Sex, Total - Age groups, Total - Residence on or off reserve
	Total - Population in private households by Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 1}	Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 2}	Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 3}	First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 4}	Métis	Inuk (Inuit)	Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 5}	Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 6}	Non-Aboriginal identity
Registered or Treaty Indian status
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 15}	34,460,065	1,673,785	1,629,800	977,230	587,545	65,025	21,310	22,670	32,786,280
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 16}	820,120	820,120	795,240	744,850	49,690	700	6,225	18,650	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,639,945	853,660	834,560	232,380	537,855	64,330	15,080	4,020	32,786,280
Aboriginal ancestry
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 17}	34,460,060	1,673,780	1,629,805	977,235	587,545	65,025	21,310	22,670	32,786,285
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 18}	727,790	676,965	670,310	525,460	100,535	44,315	4,525	2,135	50,820
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 19}	709,235	659,295	654,670	517,250	94,065	43,355	2,515	2,115	49,935
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 20}	573,220	533,255	530,045	513,740	16,015	290	1,215	1,995	39,965
Métis single ancestry	91,255	82,395	81,095	3,205	77,875	20	1,190	105	8,860
Inuit single ancestry	44,765	43,650	43,525	305	175	43,045	115	15	1,115
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 21}	18,550	17,670	15,640	8,210	6,470	960	2,015	15	885
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15,140	14,410	12,935	6,945	5,990	0	1,460	15	730
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	2,470	2,390	2,015	1,210	70	740	375	0	80
Métis and Inuit ancestries	765	720	595	25	365	205	125	0	50
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	175	150	95	25	50	25	50	0	20
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 22}	1,402,735	797,460	777,635	359,985	399,955	17,690	14,645	5,185	605,270
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 23}	1,347,605	751,080	736,760	350,110	370,160	16,485	9,240	5,085	596,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	881,455	431,385	422,140	343,470	78,135	530	4,740	4,500	450,065
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	441,000	301,930	297,220	6,215	290,970	35	4,170	540	139,070
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,155	17,765	17,395	430	1,050	15,915	330	40	7,390
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 24}	55,125	46,385	40,875	9,880	29,795	1,200	5,410	100	8,740
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	49,325	41,845	37,265	8,820	28,435	10	4,490	95	7,475
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,465	2,660	2,215	940	345	930	445	0	805
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,010	1,570	1,155	30	890	230	410	10	440
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	305	245	85	120	35	65	0	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 25}	32,329,545	199,350	181,860	91,780	87,055	3,020	2,140	15,355	32,130,195
Aboriginal ancestry responses
Total - Aboriginal ancestry responses for the population in private household - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 26}	34,460,060	1,673,780	1,629,805	977,230	587,545	65,025	21,310	22,670	32,786,280
Total Aboriginal ancestry^{Census data footnote 27}	2,130,520	1,474,430	1,447,945	885,445	500,490	62,005	19,175	7,315	656,090
First Nations ancestry	1,525,565	1,026,400	1,006,945	875,245	129,160	2,550	12,845	6,615	499,170
Abenaki	9,775	3,680	3,610	2,225	1,380	0	35	35	6,095
Algonquin	40,880	26,665	25,490	17,885	7,600	0	665	505	14,215
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 28}	4,505	3,995	3,910	3,280	620	10	80	0	510
Apache	825	305	300	220	85	0	0	0	520
Assiniboine	1,810	1,730	1,705	1,660	45	0	25	0	85
Atikamekw	8,005	7,065	7,055	6,710	345	0	10	0	940
Beaver (Dunne-za)	1,705	1,695	1,685	1,605	60	10	15	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 29}	22,490	18,190	17,930	16,685	1,205	35	180	90	4,300
Blood (Kainai)	1,000	905	895	880	20	0	10	0	95
Carrier (Dakelh)	7,810	7,630	7,580	7,460	115	0	45	0	180
Cayuga	575	555	550	530	25	0	0	0	25
Cherokee	11,620	3,460	3,350	2,665	675	10	100	15	8,160
Chilcotin (Tsilhqot'in)	2,805	2,745	2,735	2,725	10	0	10	0	60
Chipewyan (Denesuline)	3,475	3,350	3,305	2,610	675	20	25	15	130
Cowichan	1,235	1,185	1,175	1,125	55	0	0	0	60
Cree	356,655	316,535	312,060	256,345	55,030	690	3,785	690	40,120
Dakota	5,790	5,595	5,570	5,480	85	0	20	10	195
Delaware (Lenape)	1,295	1,205	1,200	1,185	20	0	0	0	90
Dene Tha (Slavey)	2,635	2,565	2,540	2,395	140	0	15	10	65
Dene, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 30}	27,430	27,195	26,940	24,535	2,275	125	160	100	230
Gitxsan	5,675	5,610	5,580	5,545	35	0	10	20	70
Gwich'in	3,280	3,190	3,090	2,490	185	415	95	10	90
Haida	5,105	4,615	4,565	4,495	65	0	40	10	485
Haisla	1,440	1,425	1,420	1,415	0	0	0	10	15
Heiltsuk	1,835	1,830	1,835	1,830	0	0	10	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	14,220	6,525	6,290	3,965	2,315	10	165	70	7,700
Innu/Montagnais	27,755	20,460	20,080	16,890	2,915	275	300	80	7,300
Iroquois, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 31}	18,115	6,815	6,535	4,575	1,945	15	225	55	11,295
Kaska	1,440	1,420	1,390	1,385	10	0	15	10	25
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	935	870	825	790	35	0	40	10	65
Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl)	3,670	3,605	3,565	3,555	10	0	35	0	70
Lakota	885	665	620	485	130	0	50	0	215
Maliseet	7,635	5,545	5,495	5,135	360	10	30	10	2,095
Mi'kmaq	168,480	94,595	90,550	73,100	17,230	225	1,705	2,340	73,885
Mohawk	32,290	22,160	21,675	19,165	2,435	75	390	105	10,125
Musqueam	300	285	270	265	10	0	15	0	15
Naskapi	1,085	1,035	1,025	900	35	90	10	0	50
Navajo	700	430	405	370	30	10	25	0	270
Nisga'a	5,495	5,460	5,440	5,415	25	0	0	15	35
Nlaka'pamux (Thompson)	3,110	3,050	3,025	3,015	10	0	30	0	60
Nuu-chah-nulth	4,310	4,285	4,245	4,245	0	10	20	20	25
Nuxalk	1,380	1,365	1,365	1,360	0	0	10	0	15
Odawa	1,905	1,800	1,795	1,750	50	0	0	0	105
Ojibway	125,725	116,205	114,785	107,670	7,010	100	1,150	270	9,520
Oji-Cree	18,915	18,865	18,830	18,705	130	0	30	0	50
Okanagan (Syilx)	3,790	3,700	3,660	3,630	30	0	40	0	90
Oneida	1,980	1,765	1,740	1,680	60	0	20	0	220
Potawatomi	2,690	2,595	2,570	2,515	60	0	20	0	95
Sahtu (North Slavey)	635	630	620	550	55	15	10	0	10
Salish, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 32}	22,380	20,240	19,905	19,475	425	0	265	75	2,135
Saulteaux	18,100	17,890	17,650	16,635	1,005	10	225	15	210
Sechelt (Shishalh)	305	300	290	290	10	0	10	0	10
Secwepemc (Shuswap)	6,750	6,525	6,485	6,380	100	0	40	10	220
Sekani	1,030	1,030	1,015	1,000	10	0	15	0	0
Sioux, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 33}	8,060	6,155	6,070	5,140	930	0	75	10	1,910
Squamish	1,730	1,585	1,580	1,570	10	0	0	0	145
St'at'imc (Lillooet)	2,180	2,150	2,145	2,095	40	0	0	10	30
Sto:lo	2,305	2,170	2,145	2,120	30	0	20	10	135
Stoney (Nakoda)	9,020	8,995	8,975	8,845	135	0	10	0	25
Tahltan	2,320	2,260	2,235	2,230	0	0	20	0	60
Tlicho (Dogrib)	1,935	1,930	1,900	1,810	65	30	25	10	10
Tlingit	2,110	2,010	1,970	1,960	10	0	30	10	95
Tsimshian	5,910	5,700	5,680	5,650	25	0	25	0	205
Tsuu T'ina (Sarcee)	865	850	835	805	30	0	15	10	10
Tutchone, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 34}	2,135	2,105	2,070	2,060	0	0	30	10	25
Wet'suwet'en	1,445	1,435	1,430	1,430	0	0	10	0	10
First Nations ancestry, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 35}	558,540	257,525	251,380	220,695	30,255	425	3,995	2,150	301,020
Métis ancestry	599,995	443,325	430,605	25,360	404,690	555	11,965	755	156,665
Inuit ancestry	79,130	69,210	67,240	3,050	3,070	61,120	1,905	65	9,920
Non-Aboriginal ancestry	33,732,280	996,815	959,490	451,775	487,010	20,710	16,780	20,540	32,735,465

Note(s):

Footnote 1

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 2

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 3

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 4

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 5

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 6

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit), but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 15

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 17

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 19

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 23

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 25

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 26

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry in the census. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

In the Census of Population, some respondents may choose to provide very specific Aboriginal ancestries, while other respondents may choose to give more general responses. This means that two respondents with the same ancestry could have different response patterns and thus could be counted as having different Aboriginal ancestries. For example, one respondent may report 'First Nations' ethnic origin while another respondent, with a similar ancestral background, may report 'Ojibway' or 'Anishinaabe' ancestry; one respondent may report 'North American Indian' while another, similar respondent, may report 'Coast Salish' or 'Cowichan.' As a result, Aboriginal ancestry data are fluid, and counts for specific origins may seem different than initially expected. Users who wish to obtain broader response counts may wish to combine data for one or more ancestries together.

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Footnote 28

Includes general responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Anishinaabe') as well as more specific responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Nipissing').

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Footnote 29

Includes general responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Blackfoot') as well as more specific responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Siksika,' 'Piikani').

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Footnote 30

Includes general responses indicating Dene ancestry (e.g., 'Dene').

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Footnote 31

Includes general responses indicating Iroquois ancestry (e.g., 'Iroquois,' 'Haudenosaunee') as well as more specific responses indicating Iroquois origins (e.g., 'Seneca,' 'Onondaga,' 'Tuscarora').

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Footnote 32

Includes general responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Salish') as well as more specific responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Coast Salish,' 'Interior Salish,' 'K'omoks,' 'Saanich').

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Footnote 33

Includes general responses indicating Sioux ancestry (e.g., 'Sioux').

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Footnote 34

Includes general responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Tutchone') as well as more specific responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Northern Tutchone,' 'Southern Tutchone').

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Footnote 35

Includes general responses indicating First Nations ancestry (e.g., 'First Nations,' 'North American Indian') as well as more specific responses indicating First Nations ancestry that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Passamaquoddy,' 'Crow,' 'Cheyenne,' 'Athabascan').

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2018. Canada [Country] (table). Aboriginal Population Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-510-X2016001. Ottawa. Released July 18, 2018.
http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/abpopprof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 21, 2024).

Date modified:: 2019-06-19

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country]