EVENTS: In 1914 the Panama Canal was officially opened; in 1945 VJ-Day was celebrated, marking Japan’s unconditional surrender to the Allies on August 14; in 1969 the hippies’ apotheosis, the Woodstock music festival, began in Bethel, New York; in 1998 a car bomb in Omagh, Northern Ireland, killed 29 people.
BIRTHS: Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France, born in Ajaccio, Corsica, 1769; Sir Walter Scott, novelist and poet, born in Edinburgh, 1771; Thomas de Quincey, writer, born in Manchester, 1785; James Keir Hardie, first leader of the Labour Party in the House of Commons, born in Legbrannock, Lanarkshire, 1856; Edith Nesbit, children’s writer, born in London, 1858; Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, composer, born in London, 1875; Ethel Barrymore, actress, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1879; Edna Ferber, novelist, born in Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1887.
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DEATHS: Macbeth, King of Scotland 1040-57, killed in battle at Lumphanan, Aberdeenshire, 1057; Paul Signac, painter who pioneered Pointillism, died in Paris, 1935; René Magritte, Surrealist painter, died in Brussels, 1967.