Events
In 1859 flogging in the British Army was abolished; in 1938 “Kristallnacht”, an orgy of violence against Jewish people, their homes, and places of worship, took place in Nazi Germany.
Births
Ivan Turgenev, novelist, dramatist and poet, 1818; King Edward VII (reigned 1901-10), 1841.
Deaths
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James Ramsay MacDonald, Prime Minister, 1924, 1929-31 and 1931-35, 1937; Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet, 1953; Charles de Gaulle, President of France 1958-69, 1970.