EVENTS: In 1773 Captain Cook’s Resolution crossed the Antarctic Circle, the first ship to do so; in 1902 the first issue of the world’s oldest weekly publication of book reviews, The Times Literary Supplement, was published; in 1991 allied forces launched “Operation Desert Storm” against Iraqi positions.
BIRTHS: Pedro Calderón de la Barca, dramatist and poet, born in Madrid, 1600; Thomas Fairfax (3rd Baron Fairfax of Cameron), parliamentary commander in the Civil War, born in Denton, Yorkshire, 1612; Benjamin Franklin, US statesman, scientist and printer, born in Boston, Massachusetts, 1706; Charles Kean, actor, born in Waterford, Co Waterford, 1811; David Lloyd George (1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor), Prime Minister 1916-22, born in Manchester, 1863; Konstantin Stanislavsky, co-founder of the Moscow Art Theatre, born in Moscow, 1863; David Beatty (1st Earl Beatty), Admiral of the Fleet, born in Nantwich, Cheshire, 1871; Mack Sennett, film producer and creator of the Keystone Cops, born in Richmond, Quebec, 1880; Sir Compton Mackenzie, novelist, born in West Hartlepool, 1883.
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DEATHS: Chang and Eng, regarded as the original Siamese twins, died within two hours of one another in North Carolina, 1874; Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th American President (1877-81), died in Fremont, Ohio, 1893; Edward Risley, the first photographer on the staff of The Times, whose assignments included the burial of the Unknown Warrior in Westminster Abbey in 1920, died in 1926.