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CROP PRODUCTION • Acta Sci., Agron. 40 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v40i1.39465 copy

‘Navelina’ oranges submitted to pre-harvest resistance inducers

Laranjas ‘Navelina’ submetidas a indutores de resistência na pré-colheita

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics, rot index and bioactive compounds of ‘Navelina’ oranges under postharvest refrigerated storage conditions after pre-harvest resistance induction in crops from 2015 and 2016. The field experimental design was completely randomized blocks. The treatment factors were composed of the following resistance inducers: noresistance inducer (control), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM), methyl jasmonate (MeJa), thiamethoxam (TMT) and imidacloprid (IMI). In the laboratory, the experimental design was the same as that in the field, but it used a two-factor scheme instead of a unifactorial scheme. In the two-factor scheme, factor A was composed of the abovementioned resistance inducers, and factor B was composed of the refrigerated storage periods (zero and 30 days). The analyses investigated the coloration, fresh mass loss, rot index, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio, ascorbic acid, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of the oranges. The application of pre-harvest resistance inducers was efficient in maintaining the physical-chemical characteristics of the ‘Navelina’ oranges in postharvest, increasing their bioactive compounds in comparison to the control. The resistance inducers Se, Si, MeJa, and IMI reduced rot rates, while ASM and MeJa prevented fresh fruit mass loss.

Keywords:
Citrus sinensis; navel orange; elicitors; refrigerated storage; rotting

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Resistance Inducers	L*				b*
	Storage period
	0		30		0		30
Control	69.32		64.51		69.32		64.51
Selenium	71.42	aA^1ns	66.48	aB^ns	71.42	aA^1ns	66.48	aB^ns
Silicon	71.19	aA^ns	66.88	aB^ns	71.19	aA^ns	66.88	aB^ns
Acibenzolar-s-methyl	70.74	aA^ns	67.17	aB^ns	70.74	aA^ns	67.17	aB^ns
Methyl Jasmonate	72.67	aA*	67.40	aB^ns	72.67	aA*	67.40	aB^ns
Thiamethoxam	70.30	aA^ns	68.41	aA^ns	70.30	aA^ns	68.41	aA^ns
Imidacloprid	71.39	aA^ns	67.62	aB^ns	71.39	aA^ns	67.62	aB^ns
C.V. (%)	3.0				3.0

Resistance Inducers	Soluble Solids (°Brix)				Ascorbic Acid(mg 100 g^-1)
	Storage period
	0		30		0		30
Control	10.15		11.23		44.69		43.49
Selenium	10.91	aA^ns	11.58	aA ^ns	51.78	aA*	49.44	aA*
Silicon	10.75	aA^ns	11.06	aA ^ns	48.21	aA ^ns	46.72	aA^ns
Acibenzolar-s-methyl	10.16	aA^ns	10.48	aA ^ns	48.36	aA ^ns	45.72	aB ^ns
Methyl Jasmonate	10.41	aA^ns	10.46	aA ^ns	49.10	aA ^ns	47.69	aA*
Thiamethoxam	10.40	aA^ns	11.33	aA ^ns	47.91	aA ^ns	46.48	aA ^ns
Imidacloprid	10.73	aA^ns	11.18	aA ^ns	52.23	aA*	48.86	aA*
C.V. (%)	5.5				6.0

Variables	Storage period				C.V. (%)
Variables	0		30		C.V. (%)
a*	13.85	b¹	21.12	a	29.29
Hue angle	78.35	a	73.31	b	5.18
pH	3.46	b	3.60	a	3.90
Titratable acidity (% citric acid)	1.02	a	0.93	b	12.48
SS/TA ratio	11.40	a	10.86	b	10.43

Resistance inducers	Fresh mass loss (%)		Rot index (%)
Control	8.43	ab¹	6.66	a
Selenium	9.75	A	1.66	b
Silicon	8.45	Ab	0.83	b
Acibenzolar-s-methyl	6.71	B	5.03	ab
Methyl Jasmonate	6.46	B	0.83	b
Thiamethoxam	7.91	ab	5.03	ab
Imidacloprid	7.01	ab	0.83	b
C.V. (%)	30.2		124.7

Resistance inducers	Total phenolics in pulp				Total phenolics in peel
	(mg CAE 100 g^-1)
	Storage period
	0		30		0		20
Control	108.94		85.82		367.74		350.58
Selenium	129.02	dA¹ *	106.26	aB *	425.44	aA *	409.61	aA *
Silicon	161.38	aA *	103.95	aB *	424.32	aA *	411.98	aA *
Acibenzolar-s-methyl	147.22	abA *	104.37	aB *	403.28	aA ^ns	386.44	aA ^ns
Methyl Jasmonate	134.18	bcA *	102.57	aB *	395.01	aA ^ns	380.34	aA ^ns
Thiamethoxam	135.59	bcA *	113.02	aB *	389.13	aA ^ns	371.29	aA ^ns
Imidacloprid	117.89	dA ^ns	98.03	aB ^ns	375.56	aA ^ns	359.56	aA ^ns
C.V. (%)	7.2				7.4

Resistance inducers	DPPH in pulp				DPPH in peel
	(μg TEAC g^-1)
	Storage period
	0		30		0		30
Control	241.64		127.31		351.08		232.41
Selenium	389.23	abA *	153.00	aB ^ns	455.54	aA *	281.54	abB *
Silicon	453.18	aA *	150.08	aB ^ns	472.54	aA *	303.19	aB *
Acibenzolar-s-methyl	363.39	bA *	138.14	aB ^ns	421.29	aA ^ns	247.29	bB ^ns
Methyl Jasmonate	397.58	abA*	159.06	aB ^ns	440.82	aA*	268.49	abB ^ns
Thiamethoxam	327.29	bA *	173.64	aB *	438.20	aA *	272.69	abB ^ns
Imidacloprid	410.65	abA *	173.69	aB *	441.85	aA *	274.20	abB *
C.V. (%)	13.8				11.1

	Control	Selenium	Silicon	ASM	MeJa	TMT	IMI
Phenols inpulp	DPPH in pulp
Phenols inpulp	0.91844	0.75758	0.98504	0.95590	0.85551	0.78681	0.81085
DPPH in peel	Phenols in pulp
	0.91922	0.69533	0.92491	0.90886	0.72638	0.70688	0.86271
	DPPH in pulp
	0.96059	0.97714	0.96091	0.90057	0.91894	0.89481	0.95486