Section 4 PE Tables – Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables, Sections 1

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Table 4.1B – Past Year Initiation of Marijuana Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use, and Past Year Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Number of Past Year Initiates (1,000s)		Percentage of Past Year Initiates		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Persons At Risk for Initiation		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Past Year Users
Demographic Characteristic	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL	3,033	3,061	1.1	1.1	2.0	2.0	7.4	7.0
AGE GROUP
12-25	2,508	2,536	4.2	4.3	6.3	6.3	16.7	17.0
12-17	1,204	1,339	4.8	5.4	5.4	6.0	38.9^a	43.1
12-13	81	89	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	*	*
14-15	496	554	5.9	6.6	6.3	7.1	55.8	58.0
16-17	627	696	7.3	8.1	9.3	10.2	30.2	34.6
18 or Older	1,829	1,722	0.7	0.7	1.4	1.3	4.8	4.3
18-25	1,304	1,197	3.8	3.5	7.4	6.8	10.9	10.1
18-20	850	768	6.6	5.9	10.6	9.6	19.3	16.8
21-25	454	429	2.1	2.0	4.8	4.4	6.0	5.9
26 or Older	525	525	0.2	0.2	0.5	0.5	2.0	1.8
GENDER
Male	1,329	1,358	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	5.7	5.5
Female	1,704	1,704	1.2	1.2	2.0	2.0	9.7	9.0
GENDER/AGE GROUP
Male 12-17	549	597	4.3	4.7	4.9	5.3	36.0	38.7
Female 12-17	655	742	5.4	6.1	5.9	6.7	41.7^a	47.3
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 4.2B – Past Year Initiation of Cigarette Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Cigarette Use, and Past Year Cigarette Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Number of Past Year Initiates (1,000s)		Percentage of Past Year Initiates		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Persons At Risk for Initiation		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Past Year Users
Demographic Characteristic	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL	1,898	1,825	0.7	0.7	1.6	1.5	3.2	3.2
AGE GROUP
12-25	1,756	1,712	3.0	2.9	4.2	4.0	14.4	15.8
12-17	604	571	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.5	38.6	41.8
12-13	53	46	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	*	*
14-15	222	207	2.6	2.5	2.8	2.6	50.0	49.7
16-17	330	318	3.8	3.7	4.5	4.3	32.5	37.2
18 or Older	1,293	1,254	0.5	0.5	1.4	1.3	2.3	2.2
18-25	1,151	1,141	3.4	3.4	6.2	5.8	10.8	12.0
18-20	817	781	6.3	6.0	9.3	8.5	23.9	25.3
21-25	335	360	1.6	1.7	3.5	3.5	4.6	5.6
26 or Older	142	113	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2
GENDER
Male	981	900	0.7	0.7	1.9	1.7	3.0	2.9
Female	916	925	0.7	0.7	1.4	1.3	3.6	3.6
GENDER/AGE GROUP
Male 12-17	311	265	2.5	2.1	2.7	2.3	38.5	38.1
Female 12-17	293	305	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.7	38.6	45.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 4.3B – Past Year Initiation of Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Alcohol Use, and Past Year Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Demographic Characteristic	Number of Past Year Initiates (1,000s)		Percentage of Past Year Initiates		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Persons At Risk for Initiation		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Past Year Users
Demographic Characteristic	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL	4,914	4,878	1.8	1.8	8.6	8.5	2.7	2.7
AGE GROUP
12-25	4,771	4,816	8.1	8.2	16.2	16.0	15.5	16.0
12-17	2,332	2,380	9.3	9.6	11.4	11.5	42.7^a	45.9
12-13	246	213	3.1	2.7	3.3	2.9	58.9	60.7
14-15	860	946	10.1	11.2	11.9	13.1	51.8	55.7
16-17	1,225	1,221	14.2	14.2	21.1	20.3	36.2	38.9
18 or Older	2,583	2,498	1.0	1.0	7.1	6.8	1.5	1.4
18-25	2,440	2,436	7.1	7.2	27.3	26.0	9.6	9.8
18-20	1,508	1,501	11.7	11.5	26.8	25.0	19.5	19.7
21-25	931	935	4.3	4.5	28.1	27.8	5.3	5.4
26 or Older	143	63	0.1^a	0.0	0.5	0.2	0.1^a	0.0
GENDER
Male	2,315	2,300	1.8	1.7	9.3	9.3	2.6	2.6
Female	2,599	2,579	1.9	1.8	8.1	7.9	2.9	2.9
GENDER/AGE GROUP
Male 12-17	1,054	1,090	8.3	8.6	10.0	10.3	41.6	44.1
Female 12-17	1,278	1,290	10.4	10.6	12.8	12.7	43.6	47.5
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 4.4B – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 or Older: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Number of Past Year Initiates (1,000s)		Percentage of Past Year Initiates		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Persons At Risk for Initiation		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Past Year Users
Substance	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	3,033	3,061	1.1	1.1	2.0	2.0	7.4	7.0
Cocaine	1,037	874	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	17.5	15.8
Crack	83	101	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8.9	13.3
Heroin	81	117	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9.2	14.5
Hallucinogens	1,194	1,116	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	23.3^a	19.9
LSD	794	778	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	35.4	33.5
PCP	23	14	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	*	*
Ecstasy	787	722	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	31.6	28.7
Inhalants	575	576	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	32.7	28.8
Methamphetamine	195	205	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	11.9	11.0
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	2,010	1,908	0.7	0.7	nr	nr	18.1	19.2
Stimulants	1,192	1,001	0.4^a	0.4	nr	nr	20.4	19.6
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	1,446	1,210	0.5	0.4	nr	nr	24.3	21.1
Sedatives	271	251	0.1	0.1	nr	nr	20.0	23.2
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
CIGARETTES	1,898	1,825	0.7	0.7	1.6	1.5	3.2	3.2
Daily Cigarette Use	608	495	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	--	--
SMOKELESS TOBACCO	1,013	918	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	8.7	8.4
CIGARS	2,338	2,274	0.9	0.8	1.2	1.2	10.0	9.9
ALCOHOL	4,914	4,878	1.8	1.8	8.6	8.5	2.7	2.7
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for the overall prescription psychotherapeutics category and consequently the overall illicit drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana categories. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 4.5B – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 to 17, Persons Aged 12 to 17 At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 to 17: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Number of Past Year Initiates (1,000s)		Percentage of Past Year Initiates		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Persons At Risk for Initiation		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Past Year Users
Substance	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	1,204	1,339	4.8	5.4	5.4	6.0	38.9^a	43.1
Cocaine	98	74	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	*	*
Crack	9	4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	*	*
Heroin	9	7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	*	*
Hallucinogens	344^a	234	1.4^a	0.9	1.4^a	1.0	67.1	62.1
LSD	188	142	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.6	72.7	69.4
PCP	13	5	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	*	*
Ecstasy	146	105	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.4	*	*
Inhalants	289	308	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.3	50.4	46.5
Methamphetamine	27	31	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	*	*
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	316	310	1.3	1.2	nr	nr	41.2	44.6
Stimulants	217	181	0.9	0.7	nr	nr	48.0	49.1
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	223	215	0.9	0.9	nr	nr	48.7	51.0
Sedatives	34	36	0.1	0.1	nr	nr	*	*
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
CIGARETTES	604	571	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.5	38.6	41.8
Daily Cigarette Use	86	63	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	--	--
SMOKELESS TOBACCO	397^a	307	1.6^a	1.2	1.6^a	1.3	53.1	49.1
CIGARS	599^a	493	2.4^a	2.0	2.5^a	2.0	52.7	53.1
ALCOHOL	2,332	2,380	9.3	9.6	11.4	11.5	42.7^a	45.9
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for the overall prescription psychotherapeutics category and consequently the overall illicit drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana categories. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 4.6B – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 18 or Older, Persons Aged 18 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 18 or Older: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Number of Past Year Initiates (1,000s)		Percentage of Past Year Initiates		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Persons At Risk for Initiation		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Past Year Users
Substance	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	1,829	1,722	0.7	0.7	1.4	1.3	4.8	4.3
Cocaine	939	799	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.4	16.1	14.8
Crack	73	97	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8.0	12.9
Heroin	72	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8.3	13.8
Hallucinogens	850	882	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	18.4	16.9
LSD	606	636	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	30.5	30.1
PCP	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Ecstasy	641	617	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	27.7	25.9
Inhalants	286	269	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	24.2	20.1
Methamphetamine	168	174	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	10.6	9.5
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	1,694	1,598	0.7	0.6	nr	nr	16.4	17.3
Stimulants	975	820	0.4	0.3	nr	nr	18.1	17.3
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	1,222	995	0.5	0.4	nr	nr	22.3	18.7
Sedatives	237	216	0.1	0.1	nr	nr	18.5	21.1
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
CIGARETTES	1,293	1,254	0.5	0.5	1.4	1.3	2.3	2.2
Daily Cigarette Use	522	433	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	--	--
SMOKELESS TOBACCO	615	611	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	5.6	5.9
CIGARS	1,739	1,781	0.7	0.7	1.1	1.1	7.8	8.1
ALCOHOL	2,583	2,498	1.0	1.0	7.1	6.8	1.5	1.4
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for the overall prescription psychotherapeutics category and consequently the overall illicit drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana categories. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 4.7B – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 18 to 25, Persons Aged 18 to 25 At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 18 to 25: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Number of Past Year Initiates (1,000s)		Percentage of Past Year Initiates		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Persons At Risk for Initiation		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Past Year Users
Substance	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	1,304	1,197	3.8	3.5	7.4	6.8	10.9	10.1
Cocaine	729	616	2.1	1.8	2.4	2.0	34.3	31.3
Crack	21	36	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	*	*
Heroin	46	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	*	*
Hallucinogens	683	632	2.0	1.9	2.3	2.2	28.4	27.1
LSD	487	468	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.5	37.1	39.4
PCP	9	8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	*	*
Ecstasy	507	460	1.5	1.4	1.7	1.5	41.9	43.3
Inhalants	212	210	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7	37.6	42.5
Methamphetamine	95	68	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	25.5	24.9
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	465	464	1.4	1.4	nr	nr	18.9^a	25.0
Stimulants	581	517	1.7	1.5	nr	nr	22.8	23.4
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	473	434	1.4	1.3	nr	nr	25.2	27.7
Sedatives	51	73	0.1	0.2	nr	nr	25.4	*
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
CIGARETTES	1,151	1,141	3.4	3.4	6.2	5.8	10.8	12.0
Daily Cigarette Use	393	353	1.1	1.0	1.4	1.2	--	--
SMOKELESS TOBACCO	398	414	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.4	15.0	17.2
CIGARS	1,118	1,246	3.3	3.7	4.7	5.2	18.2^a	21.4
ALCOHOL	2,440	2,436	7.1	7.2	27.3	26.0	9.6	9.8
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for the overall prescription psychotherapeutics category and consequently the overall illicit drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana categories. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.

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Table 4.8B – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 26 or Older, Persons Aged 26 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 26 or Older: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2017 and 2018
Substance	Number of Past Year Initiates (1,000s)		Percentage of Past Year Initiates		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Persons At Risk for Initiation		Percentage of Past Year Initiates among Past Year Users
Substance	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
ILLICIT DRUGS	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Marijuana	525	525	0.2	0.2	0.5	0.5	2.0	1.8
Cocaine	210	184	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	5.7	5.3
Crack	52	61	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.5	9.2
Heroin	26^a	75	0.0^a	0.0	0.0^a	0.0	4.0^a	11.7
Hallucinogens	167	250	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	7.6	8.7
LSD	120	169	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	17.7	18.1
PCP	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Ecstasy	134	157	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	12.1	11.9
Inhalants	75	58	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12.0	6.9
Methamphetamine	73	106	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	6.0	6.8
Misuse of Psychotherapeutics	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Pain Relievers	1,229	1,134	0.6	0.5	nr	nr	15.7	15.3
Stimulants	394	302	0.2	0.1	nr	nr	13.9	12.0
Tranquilizers or Sedatives	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Tranquilizers	749	560	0.4	0.3	nr	nr	20.8^a	14.9
Sedatives	186	143	0.1	0.1	nr	nr	17.3	17.3
Benzodiazepines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Opioids	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana¹	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr	nr
CIGARETTES	142	113	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2
Daily Cigarette Use	130	80	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	--	--
SMOKELESS TOBACCO	218	197	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	2.6	2.5
CIGARS	622	535	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.4	3.8	3.3
ALCOHOL	143	63	0.1^a	0.0	0.5	0.2	0.1^a	0.0
* = low precision; -- = not available; da = does not apply; nc = not comparable due to methodological changes; nr = not reported due to measurement issues. NOTE: Methodological limitations preclude the estimation of past year initiates for the overall prescription psychotherapeutics category and consequently the overall illicit drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana categories. ^a The difference between this estimate and the 2018 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Rounding may make the estimates appear identical. ¹ Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana excludes respondents who used only marijuana but includes those who used marijuana in addition to other illicit drugs. Definitions: Measures and terms are defined in Appendix A. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017 and 2018.