Treatment Centers in Harris County, TX

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Photo of Nova Recovery - Nova Recovery Center, CIP, Treatment Center
Nova Recovery Center
Treatment Center
Not Verified Not Verified
Houston, TX 77018
Drug and alcohol addiction are almost always symptoms of a much larger problem. Addicts avoid uncomfortable feelings, like guilt and shame, by abusing drugs and alcohol as a coping mechanism; sometimes substance abuse is used to hide a spiritual malady, or to fill an emptiness inside that cannot be filled without the help of others. They isolate to hide from harmful feelings, and as the walls go up, self-control and willpower are lost. The more people give in to addiction, the more difficult it is to realize how out of control they are. That is why we founded Nova drug and alcohol addiction treatment center. At Nova Recovery Center, our clinical drug and alcohol treatment will help remove those barriers and help you find a path out of addiction. Our experienced and compassionate staff is ready to help you every step of the way. With Nova Recovery's support, you will begin to take control of your life and begin living without shame, guilt, and the other barriers that hold you back.
Drug and alcohol addiction are almost always symptoms of a much larger problem. Addicts avoid uncomfortable feelings, like guilt and shame, by abusing drugs and alcohol as a coping mechanism; sometimes substance abuse is used to hide a spiritual malady, or to fill an emptiness inside that cannot be filled without the help of others. They isolate to hide from harmful feelings, and as the walls go up, self-control and willpower are lost. The more people give in to addiction, the more difficult it is to realize how out of control they are. That is why we founded Nova drug and alcohol addiction treatment center. At Nova Recovery Center, our clinical drug and alcohol treatment will help remove those barriers and help you find a path out of addiction. Our experienced and compassionate staff is ready to help you every step of the way. With Nova Recovery's support, you will begin to take control of your life and begin living without shame, guilt, and the other barriers that hold you back.
(228) 641-8373 View (228) 641-8373
Photo of Nova Recovery - Nova Recovery Center - Outpatient, Treatment Center
Nova Recovery Center - Outpatient
Treatment Center
Not Verified Not Verified
Houston, TX 77008
Nova's Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) provides a level of care perfect for those who need continued support as they transition from inpatient care, or for those who are ready to make a change but cannot commit to a residential treatment program. In some circumstance, the program can provide treatment while allowing for greater freedom to attend work or other obligations as well.
Nova's Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) provides a level of care perfect for those who need continued support as they transition from inpatient care, or for those who are ready to make a change but cannot commit to a residential treatment program. In some circumstance, the program can provide treatment while allowing for greater freedom to attend work or other obligations as well.
(281) 248-8915 View (281) 248-8915
Photo of Jennifer Markey - Petoskey Center - Intensive Outpatient Program, PhD, MEd, CGP, Treatment Center
Petoskey Center - Intensive Outpatient Program
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77024
Petoskey Center provides patients with the opportunity to experience intensive treatment without the need for inpatient or residential psychiatric hospitalization. They can continue meeting their responsibilities in their communities while diving more deeply into treatment. Petoskey Center's intensive outpatient program (IOP) gives clients a safe place to (1) explore the reasons behind their psychological struggles; (2) learn and practice new skills for coping, managing, and preventing emotional crises; (3) identify a path forward for their lives; and (4) ​practice implementing real change both in and outside the therapy environment.
Petoskey Center provides patients with the opportunity to experience intensive treatment without the need for inpatient or residential psychiatric hospitalization. They can continue meeting their responsibilities in their communities while diving more deeply into treatment. Petoskey Center's intensive outpatient program (IOP) gives clients a safe place to (1) explore the reasons behind their psychological struggles; (2) learn and practice new skills for coping, managing, and preventing emotional crises; (3) identify a path forward for their lives; and (4) ​practice implementing real change both in and outside the therapy environment.
(832) 202-2283 View (832) 202-2283
Photo of CAN Behavioral Health - CAN Behavioral Health, MD Psyc, LCSW, LPC, LCDC, Treatment Center
CAN Behavioral Health
Treatment Center
Not Verified Not Verified
Baytown, TX 77520
ADULT and ADOLESCENT PHP/IOP Programs available for individuals, 13-18 years or older, who have been diagnosed with a psychiatric condition and/or an addiction. PHP addresses the needs of patients whose symptoms do not require the intensity of a 24-hour inpatient program, but still need more support than provided by individual outpatient therapy. Includes Medication Management and Evaluations by a Board Certified Psychiatrist. Groups Cover: Mood Disorders * Depression and Anxiety * Self-destructive Behaviors * Educational or Occupation Focus * Obsessions & Compulsions * Low Self Esteem * Family conflict issues * Substance Abuse and Dependence, and Co-Dependence * Trauma/PTSD * Men's Detox and Residential Treatment for Dual Diagnosis
ADULT and ADOLESCENT PHP/IOP Programs available for individuals, 13-18 years or older, who have been diagnosed with a psychiatric condition and/or an addiction. PHP addresses the needs of patients whose symptoms do not require the intensity of a 24-hour inpatient program, but still need more support than provided by individual outpatient therapy. Includes Medication Management and Evaluations by a Board Certified Psychiatrist. Groups Cover: Mood Disorders * Depression and Anxiety * Self-destructive Behaviors * Educational or Occupation Focus * Obsessions & Compulsions * Low Self Esteem * Family conflict issues * Substance Abuse and Dependence, and Co-Dependence * Trauma/PTSD * Men's Detox and Residential Treatment for Dual Diagnosis
(713) 766-1166 View (713) 766-1166
Photo of Ada Cheung - Alexander Jewish Family Service, PhD, LCSW-S, Treatment Center
Alexander Jewish Family Service
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77025
Jewish Family Service is a non-profit human service agency for people of all ages and all walks of life. Our goal is to provide light, hope and help to individuals struggling with life challenges. JFS's professional, highly credentialed staff offers mental health and support counseling for individuals and families including a specialized program for individuals who live with persistent and pervasive mental illness. JFS also provides disability services, senior adult services and case management, employment services, Jewish chaplaincy services at area hospitals, community outreach, financial assistance programs and volunteer opportunities.
Jewish Family Service is a non-profit human service agency for people of all ages and all walks of life. Our goal is to provide light, hope and help to individuals struggling with life challenges. JFS's professional, highly credentialed staff offers mental health and support counseling for individuals and families including a specialized program for individuals who live with persistent and pervasive mental illness. JFS also provides disability services, senior adult services and case management, employment services, Jewish chaplaincy services at area hospitals, community outreach, financial assistance programs and volunteer opportunities.
(281) 843-9469 View (281) 843-9469
Photo of Oceans Behavioral Hospital Katy - Oceans Behavioral Hospital Katy, Treatment Center
Oceans Behavioral Hospital Katy
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Katy, TX 77450
Oceans Katy provides outpatient mental health services in a safe and comfortable environment with individual and group treatment programs designed to meet the specific needs of patients during many stages of life.
Oceans Katy provides outpatient mental health services in a safe and comfortable environment with individual and group treatment programs designed to meet the specific needs of patients during many stages of life.
(281) 783-9810 View (281) 783-9810
Photo of Admission Team - Center For Discovery, Treatment Center
Center For Discovery
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77024
Center For Discovery has been providing excellent behavioral health treatment since treating our first client in 1997. Discovery offers a full continuum of care specializing in the unique and specific needs associated with eating disorder, mental health, and substance abuse treatment. Discovery treats adult women 18 and over and adolescent males and females ages 10 - 19 in separate programs. Our treatment locations offer a warm and engaging environment that fosters long term recovery. Each program treats a small number of clients at a time allowing for truly individualized care that is focused on healing both the client and their family.
Center For Discovery has been providing excellent behavioral health treatment since treating our first client in 1997. Discovery offers a full continuum of care specializing in the unique and specific needs associated with eating disorder, mental health, and substance abuse treatment. Discovery treats adult women 18 and over and adolescent males and females ages 10 - 19 in separate programs. Our treatment locations offer a warm and engaging environment that fosters long term recovery. Each program treats a small number of clients at a time allowing for truly individualized care that is focused on healing both the client and their family.
(877) 217-5906 View (877) 217-5906
Photo of Mindpath Health - Mindpath Health - Katy, Treatment Center
Mindpath Health - Katy
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77027
Mindpath Health is a leading provider of high-quality outpatient mental health care, offering in-person and online visits. We provide psychiatric evaluations, medication management, and therapy.
Mindpath Health is a leading provider of high-quality outpatient mental health care, offering in-person and online visits. We provide psychiatric evaluations, medication management, and therapy.
(855) 976-2039 View (855) 976-2039
Photo of Center For Discovery - Center For Discovery, Cypress, Treatment Center
Center For Discovery, Cypress
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Cypress, TX 77429
At Center for Discovery, we have built a legacy that has helped thousands of patients in eating disorder recovery. Since 1997, our continuum of care takes treatment out of hospitals and into real-life settings. Our evidence-based and trauma-informed treatments give our patients the coping skills and encouragement they need to navigate real-life recovery. Our team gets to the heart of why patients have a disorder—this means asking questions and providing therapies that reveal the root causes, all in a space that is filled with compassion and security. From the moment our patients step through the doors, they’ll begin developing the tools needed for everyday life after treatment.
At Center for Discovery, we have built a legacy that has helped thousands of patients in eating disorder recovery. Since 1997, our continuum of care takes treatment out of hospitals and into real-life settings. Our evidence-based and trauma-informed treatments give our patients the coping skills and encouragement they need to navigate real-life recovery. Our team gets to the heart of why patients have a disorder—this means asking questions and providing therapies that reveal the root causes, all in a space that is filled with compassion and security. From the moment our patients step through the doors, they’ll begin developing the tools needed for everyday life after treatment.
(832) 952-0805 View (832) 952-0805
Photo of Suzanne Mouton-Odum - Psychology Houston, PC, PhD, Treatment Center
Psychology Houston, PC
Treatment Center
Not Verified Not Verified
Houston, TX 77063
Psychology Houston, PC is the leading center for Cognitive Behavioral Treatment in the Houston area. All staff psychologists are trained and credentialed in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, body focused repetitive behaviors (hair pulling and skin picking), and other psychological difficulties experienced by children, adolescents, and adults. Dr. Suzanne Mouton-Odum, the Founder and Director of Psychology Houston, PC is a strong advocate for evidence-based treatment, solution-focused therapy, and is involved in ongoing research. Psychology Houston, PC is located in central Houston just west of the Galleria, and offers psychological services to the entire Houston metropolitan area.
Psychology Houston, PC is the leading center for Cognitive Behavioral Treatment in the Houston area. All staff psychologists are trained and credentialed in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, body focused repetitive behaviors (hair pulling and skin picking), and other psychological difficulties experienced by children, adolescents, and adults. Dr. Suzanne Mouton-Odum, the Founder and Director of Psychology Houston, PC is a strong advocate for evidence-based treatment, solution-focused therapy, and is involved in ongoing research. Psychology Houston, PC is located in central Houston just west of the Galleria, and offers psychological services to the entire Houston metropolitan area.
(713) 352-1586 View (713) 352-1586
Photo of Court Nichols - Taylor Recovery Center, Treatment Center
Taylor Recovery Center
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77026
The clients we serve are those dealing with drug and alcohol addiction and have made the decision to change their lives. We place them in our facilities with counselors, outdoor therapy, yoga, and more to help them begin a new chapter of their life.
The clients we serve are those dealing with drug and alcohol addiction and have made the decision to change their lives. We place them in our facilities with counselors, outdoor therapy, yoga, and more to help them begin a new chapter of their life.
(281) 824-6411 View (281) 824-6411
Photo of The Meadows Outpatient Center - Houston - The Meadows Outpatient Center - Houston, Treatment Center
The Meadows Outpatient Center - Houston
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77027
At The Meadows Outpatient Center we combine The Meadows Model with a time-tested IOP milieu that together creates a blueprint for ongoing, successful, and long-term recovery. Our program is designed to reinforce the recovery skills for those dealing with complex emotional trauma and addiction issues, and to reunite families. The beautiful views of Houston, Texas makes The Meadows Outpatient Center the ideal place to begin or continue your journey of recovery.
At The Meadows Outpatient Center we combine The Meadows Model with a time-tested IOP milieu that together creates a blueprint for ongoing, successful, and long-term recovery. Our program is designed to reinforce the recovery skills for those dealing with complex emotional trauma and addiction issues, and to reunite families. The beautiful views of Houston, Texas makes The Meadows Outpatient Center the ideal place to begin or continue your journey of recovery.
(832) 219-7389 View (832) 219-7389
Photo of The Right Step Houston - The Right Step Houston, Treatment Center
The Right Step Houston
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77013
We offer a broad range of professional services in a residential setting. Our long-time, dedicated therapists are mainstays in the Houston recovery community. Our treatment programs include everything from an inpatient rehab program to intensive outpatient care and even aftercare. You’ll find our staff is dedicated to helping individuals overcome their addictions. For those who don’t require residential care, our intensive outpatient treatment program (IOP) provides a structured, supportive setting conducive to recovery. Our IOP provides an important next step in treatment for clients who have completed inpatient alcohol and drug rehab. Clients benefit from a number of therapeutic approaches that complement our core belief in 12-step principles.
We offer a broad range of professional services in a residential setting. Our long-time, dedicated therapists are mainstays in the Houston recovery community. Our treatment programs include everything from an inpatient rehab program to intensive outpatient care and even aftercare. You’ll find our staff is dedicated to helping individuals overcome their addictions. For those who don’t require residential care, our intensive outpatient treatment program (IOP) provides a structured, supportive setting conducive to recovery. Our IOP provides an important next step in treatment for clients who have completed inpatient alcohol and drug rehab. Clients benefit from a number of therapeutic approaches that complement our core belief in 12-step principles.
(346) 289-2588 View (346) 289-2588
Photo of Robert Park - Luna Integrative Care , Treatment Center
Luna Integrative Care
Treatment Center
Not Verified Not Verified
Houston, TX 77057
At Luna, we provide a full spectrum of substance use disorder recovery and mental health services to adults and adolescents. Based in Houston, Texas, we offer elevated residential and outpatient treatment programs that center on the use of clinical therapies and complementary holistic practices to address current experiences and the root causes of substance use disorder and mental health issues.
At Luna, we provide a full spectrum of substance use disorder recovery and mental health services to adults and adolescents. Based in Houston, Texas, we offer elevated residential and outpatient treatment programs that center on the use of clinical therapies and complementary holistic practices to address current experiences and the root causes of substance use disorder and mental health issues.
(832) 500-3252 View (832) 500-3252
Photo of New Dimensions - New Dimensions Day Treatment Centers, Treatment Center
New Dimensions Day Treatment Centers
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77058
New Dimensions Day Treatment Centers provides Partial Hospitalization and Intensive Outpatient Treatment to Adolescents and Adults who are in crisis. Our programs are designed to help individuals and their families overcome the challenges that come from mental health or substance abuse issues. Our team of therapists and psychiatrists can help you develop the tools you need to effectively cope with depression, anxiety, trauma, anger issues, suicidal thoughts, substance abuse, PTSD, OCD, and other mental health issues. We have facilities that are conveniently located in Katy, The Woodlands, and the Clear Lake area of Houston. Our programs are ideal for individuals who need more than once per week therapy, but who don't require inpatient hospitalization. If you or someone you know is in crisis because of a mental health or substance abuse issue, New Dimensions can help.
New Dimensions Day Treatment Centers provides Partial Hospitalization and Intensive Outpatient Treatment to Adolescents and Adults who are in crisis. Our programs are designed to help individuals and their families overcome the challenges that come from mental health or substance abuse issues. Our team of therapists and psychiatrists can help you develop the tools you need to effectively cope with depression, anxiety, trauma, anger issues, suicidal thoughts, substance abuse, PTSD, OCD, and other mental health issues. We have facilities that are conveniently located in Katy, The Woodlands, and the Clear Lake area of Houston. Our programs are ideal for individuals who need more than once per week therapy, but who don't require inpatient hospitalization. If you or someone you know is in crisis because of a mental health or substance abuse issue, New Dimensions can help.
(832) 737-1819 View (832) 737-1819
Photo of Oceans Behavioral Hospital Pasadena - Oceans Behavioral Hospital Pasadena, Treatment Center
Oceans Behavioral Hospital Pasadena
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Pasadena, TX 77505
Oceans Pasadena provides outpatient mental health services in a safe and comfortable environment with individual and group treatment programs designed to meet the specific needs of patients during many stages of life.
Oceans Pasadena provides outpatient mental health services in a safe and comfortable environment with individual and group treatment programs designed to meet the specific needs of patients during many stages of life.
(832) 380-8022 View (832) 380-8022
Photo of Stephanie A Legendre - West Houston Counseling Center, MA, LPC-S, Treatment Center
West Houston Counseling Center
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Katy, TX 77450
West Houston Counseling Center is here to guide you on your journey through all seasons of life! We are devoted to helping our clients reach their greatest potential no matter the need. Our counseling team offers a wide range of specialties and treats individuals, couples, families, children, and adolescents. Our therapists come from diverse backgrounds with many of them offering therapy in multiple languages. We have clinicians that work late hours, 7 days a week, and we offer insurance, self-pay, and low cost options.
West Houston Counseling Center is here to guide you on your journey through all seasons of life! We are devoted to helping our clients reach their greatest potential no matter the need. Our counseling team offers a wide range of specialties and treats individuals, couples, families, children, and adolescents. Our therapists come from diverse backgrounds with many of them offering therapy in multiple languages. We have clinicians that work late hours, 7 days a week, and we offer insurance, self-pay, and low cost options.
(281) 940-8515 View (281) 940-8515
Photo of Elissa Bauer - Menninger's Bridge Residential Program for Adults, LPC-S, Treatment Center
Menninger's Bridge Residential Program for Adults
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77035
Menninger's new Bridge Program is designed for adults who are stepping down from a more restrictive inpatient program or stepping up from traditional outpatient services for more structure and support. Our program emphasizes patient-centered treatment in a relaxed therapeutic community that is unlocked except during sleeping hours. Residents progress with increasing personal accountability for wellness and nutritional choices, resuming work tasks, and building skills in the treatment pathway that best meets their clinical needs: Mood and anxiety; Substance use and addictive behavior; Emotion regulation (DBT); Trauma; Over-controlled personalities (radically open DBT).
Menninger's new Bridge Program is designed for adults who are stepping down from a more restrictive inpatient program or stepping up from traditional outpatient services for more structure and support. Our program emphasizes patient-centered treatment in a relaxed therapeutic community that is unlocked except during sleeping hours. Residents progress with increasing personal accountability for wellness and nutritional choices, resuming work tasks, and building skills in the treatment pathway that best meets their clinical needs: Mood and anxiety; Substance use and addictive behavior; Emotion regulation (DBT); Trauma; Over-controlled personalities (radically open DBT).
(346) 369-7252 View (346) 369-7252
Photo of Admissions Department - Positive Recovery Centers - Pasadena, Treatment Center
Positive Recovery Centers - Pasadena
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Pasadena, TX 77504
Positive Recovery is an evidence-based addiction treatment approach that links the best of evidence-based treatment with the new, novel interventions that enhance well-being by cultivating its components: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement. The main theory of Positive Recovery is this: Addiction develops when happiness is pursued ineffectively and recovery is when people pursue happiness the right way. With Positive Recovery, we lead and empower clients as they learn to fulfill their needs in more healthy ways by intervening early and normalizing use instead of using shame. We do not believe the traditional approach of treating mental illness to be anything less than noble and very respectable gains have been made using the medical-model approach in both behavioral medicine and physical medicine. Positive Recovery does not replace or demonize effective existing approaches, such as twelve-step facilitation.
Positive Recovery is an evidence-based addiction treatment approach that links the best of evidence-based treatment with the new, novel interventions that enhance well-being by cultivating its components: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement. The main theory of Positive Recovery is this: Addiction develops when happiness is pursued ineffectively and recovery is when people pursue happiness the right way. With Positive Recovery, we lead and empower clients as they learn to fulfill their needs in more healthy ways by intervening early and normalizing use instead of using shame. We do not believe the traditional approach of treating mental illness to be anything less than noble and very respectable gains have been made using the medical-model approach in both behavioral medicine and physical medicine. Positive Recovery does not replace or demonize effective existing approaches, such as twelve-step facilitation.
(832) 841-2994 View (832) 841-2994
Photo of Positive Recovery Admissions - Positive Recovery - Garden Oaks, Treatment Center
Positive Recovery - Garden Oaks
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77018  (Online Only)
If you are struggling with alcohol or drugs, we know the pain and confusion you experience trying to hide it or avoid asking for help. It can bring misunderstanding, fierce resentment, financial insecurity, disgusted friends and employers, sad wives, children and parents. The nightmare can end now – your Positive Recovery begins with a call to us today. Positive Recovery uses strengths as a pathway to help you flourish in recovery – at work and at home. Positive Recovery is an evidence-based addiction curriculum that links the best of the old with the new. We can help.
If you are struggling with alcohol or drugs, we know the pain and confusion you experience trying to hide it or avoid asking for help. It can bring misunderstanding, fierce resentment, financial insecurity, disgusted friends and employers, sad wives, children and parents. The nightmare can end now – your Positive Recovery begins with a call to us today. Positive Recovery uses strengths as a pathway to help you flourish in recovery – at work and at home. Positive Recovery is an evidence-based addiction curriculum that links the best of the old with the new. We can help.
(713) 360-0867 View (713) 360-0867

See more therapy options for Harris County

FAQs - About Treatment Centers and Rehab

How can I find a treatment center in Harris County?

The Psychology Today Directory has customizable search options that show potential treatment centers tailored to your location, including inpatient or outpatient, the types of insurance accepted, and even the programs the center specializes in. Finding the right treatment center can be vitally important, and the dropdown filters make it easier to find the best fit for you or your loved one.

How do treatment centers work?

There are treatment centers for individuals dealing with psychiatric issues as well as for those dealing with substance use or addiction, or who are dealing with both, also known as co-occurring disorders. The type of program that is right for an individual depends on their medical and mental health history, the severity of the issues they are dealing with, as well as their treatment goals. Individuals using the directory can filter to find a center best-suited to them based on their gender, the issues they are facing, such as addiction or a mental health condition, or the type of treatments they are seeking.

What is the difference between inpatient and outpatient treatments?

In an inpatient or residential treatment program, individuals receive treatment while living in a facility and have 24/7 access to care by medical professionals. There are various forms of outpatient treatment that offer different levels of care, including Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOPs) and Partial Hospitalization Programs (PHPs). PHPs tend to offer more time-intensive, supervised care than IOPs. Aftercare is another option that offers ongoing treatment for an individual recovering from substance use or addiction after they have achieved initial sobriety, which can take the form of either an inpatient or outpatient program.

How long is rehab?

Short term treatment usually lasts less than 30 days, while long term programs can last 60 days, 90 days, or longer, depending on the needs and goals of the individual and the structure of the program. Individuals searching for a treatment program in the directory can filter results by duration.

How much does rehab cost?

The price of treatment varies according to the length and type of service you search for, such as detox treatment, residential treatment, or outpatient treatment, as well as location and amenities offered. Non-profit centers are typically less expensive than private centers, but may have longer wait lists. Using the filters on the Psychology Today Treatment Center Directory can help narrow down which centers accept insurance plans, and, if so, which ones.

Does insurance cover rehab?

Health insurance typically covers rehab, but the extent of coverage depends on the particular policy, the treatment provider, and the needs of the individual. Individuals are encouraged to check with their insurance providers prior to entering a treatment program. Once you have confirmed coverage, you can use the Insurance filter on the Psychology Today Treatment Center Directory to find and contact centers that accept your insurance.

How do you get someone who refuses treatment into rehab?

It is important to convey compassion and understanding toward an individual dealing with an addiction problem. If a person refuses treatment at first, it’s important for their loved ones to continue to express their concerns in a kind and respectful manner, and to periodically encourage them to get help. It can take time for someone dealing with addiction to gain the motivation to make a change. In the meantime, it can be helpful for loved ones to set boundaries with the individual and educate themselves on the many treatment options that exist in order to have more informed conversations regarding recovery.