Therapists in Pennsylvania

View cities and counties in Pennsylvania
Photo of Erin Glasscott, MSW , LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erin Glasscott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW , LSW
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
Are you a young adult dealing primarily with anxiety and life transition issues? This could be a recent college graduate starting their first big job, a major transition. I like walking beside them through these transitions and being an additional support. I also like helping people learn breathing techniques to manage anxiety and learn about polyvagal theory and a bottom-up approach. I enjoy working with clients who can articulate their goals, such as managing anxiety better and working on anxiety in different settings.
Are you a young adult dealing primarily with anxiety and life transition issues? This could be a recent college graduate starting their first big job, a major transition. I like walking beside them through these transitions and being an additional support. I also like helping people learn breathing techniques to manage anxiety and learn about polyvagal theory and a bottom-up approach. I enjoy working with clients who can articulate their goals, such as managing anxiety better and working on anxiety in different settings.
(484) 989-8503 View (484) 989-8503
Photo of Shay Brown, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shay Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Lancaster, PA 17603
Taking the first steps towards improving your mental health can be challenging. I am here to walk alongside you on your journey to mental wellness. Shaneea "Shay" Brown is a licensed social worker who earned her master’s degree from Millersville University of Pennsylvania. She has experience working with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. Shay provides an inclusive and nonjudgmental environment for adults experiencing life transitions, racial and intergenerational trauma, anxiety, grief and loss, stress management, boundary setting, perinatal challenges, aging, and depression.
Taking the first steps towards improving your mental health can be challenging. I am here to walk alongside you on your journey to mental wellness. Shaneea "Shay" Brown is a licensed social worker who earned her master’s degree from Millersville University of Pennsylvania. She has experience working with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. Shay provides an inclusive and nonjudgmental environment for adults experiencing life transitions, racial and intergenerational trauma, anxiety, grief and loss, stress management, boundary setting, perinatal challenges, aging, and depression.
(223) 210-6747 View (223) 210-6747
Photo of Erin Sharkey, Pre-Licensed Professional
Erin Sharkey
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Media, PA 19063
Erin Sharkey is a Master’s-Level clinician working toward licensure as a Licensed Professional Counselor. Erin creates a warm and accepting space in her work with adults and adolescents and is passionate about exploring each client's unique experiences and challenges to gain insight and achieve their goals. Erin sees clients working through depression, anxiety, body image and self-esteem issues, relationship problems, and life transitions. Further, Erin understands the unique challenges present in career exploration and enjoys supporting clients in identifying what a fulfilling professional life means for them and working toward it.
Erin Sharkey is a Master’s-Level clinician working toward licensure as a Licensed Professional Counselor. Erin creates a warm and accepting space in her work with adults and adolescents and is passionate about exploring each client's unique experiences and challenges to gain insight and achieve their goals. Erin sees clients working through depression, anxiety, body image and self-esteem issues, relationship problems, and life transitions. Further, Erin understands the unique challenges present in career exploration and enjoys supporting clients in identifying what a fulfilling professional life means for them and working toward it.
(610) 467-2084 View (610) 467-2084
Photo of John D. Granger II, LCSW, SAP, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
John D. Granger II
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SAP, CCTP
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
At times life can be challenging; it is filled with ups and downs. It takes a strong person to ask for help when faced with the challenges life may bring. It is important for you to know that you do not have to go through these challenges alone. As a therapist I believe that you are the expert on your life. Through guided discovery, my goal is to collaboratively work with you to help you process and work through the issues that are present in your life.
At times life can be challenging; it is filled with ups and downs. It takes a strong person to ask for help when faced with the challenges life may bring. It is important for you to know that you do not have to go through these challenges alone. As a therapist I believe that you are the expert on your life. Through guided discovery, my goal is to collaboratively work with you to help you process and work through the issues that are present in your life.
(856) 288-2232 View (856) 288-2232
Photo of Mary Ellen Griffin, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mary Ellen Griffin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Royersford, PA 19468
Starting therapy can be an overwhelming and intimidating process. With this in mind, my goal is to create a warm, welcoming, and safe environment. I value a collaborative therapeutic process. I see each individual as unique and work to tailor treatment to meet individual needs. My passion as a counselor is working with tweens, teens and young adults (ages 12+). I work with clients to overcome anxiety, depression, improve self-esteem, social relationships, and navigate through life’s challenges.
Starting therapy can be an overwhelming and intimidating process. With this in mind, my goal is to create a warm, welcoming, and safe environment. I value a collaborative therapeutic process. I see each individual as unique and work to tailor treatment to meet individual needs. My passion as a counselor is working with tweens, teens and young adults (ages 12+). I work with clients to overcome anxiety, depression, improve self-esteem, social relationships, and navigate through life’s challenges.
(484) 314-3251 View (484) 314-3251
Photo of Arielle Ettinger, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Arielle Ettinger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
I utilize a psychodynamic and relational approach to therapy, greatly valuing the therapeutic relationship built together as an important place for understanding to begin and healing to occur. I aim to provide a supportive space to build a deeper personal understanding of yourself and exploring how early life experiences and relationships support or bring obstacles to present day life. Together, we can work to rediscover the value in all of the unique parts of yourself, and gain the capacity to experience, feel, and safely regulate difficult emotions, working towards living a more authentic and vibrant life.
I utilize a psychodynamic and relational approach to therapy, greatly valuing the therapeutic relationship built together as an important place for understanding to begin and healing to occur. I aim to provide a supportive space to build a deeper personal understanding of yourself and exploring how early life experiences and relationships support or bring obstacles to present day life. Together, we can work to rediscover the value in all of the unique parts of yourself, and gain the capacity to experience, feel, and safely regulate difficult emotions, working towards living a more authentic and vibrant life.
(484) 214-2267 View (484) 214-2267
Photo of Vincent Bellwoar - Springfield Psychological of West Chester, Psychologist
Springfield Psychological of West Chester
Psychologist
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
We are a friendly and professional mental health practice that has been providing outstanding and affordable therapy for adults, couples, families, teens and children since 1985. With seven locations in Havertown, King of Prussia, North Wales, Philadelphia, Sinking Spring, Springfield, and West Chester as well as flexible scheduling options, we are able to offer appointments during the daytime, evening, and weekends for your convenience. In addition, we accept most insurance plans.
We are a friendly and professional mental health practice that has been providing outstanding and affordable therapy for adults, couples, families, teens and children since 1985. With seven locations in Havertown, King of Prussia, North Wales, Philadelphia, Sinking Spring, Springfield, and West Chester as well as flexible scheduling options, we are able to offer appointments during the daytime, evening, and weekends for your convenience. In addition, we accept most insurance plans.
(610) 364-5156 View (610) 364-5156
Photo of Adriene Nicastro - Pathways to Inner Peace, MS
Pathways to Inner Peace
MS
Verified Verified
Bellefonte, PA 16823
Adriene holds intuitively-guided psychotherapy, psycho-spiritual counseling, &/or energy healing sessions to help individuals heal from traumas, remove blockages, & gain an understanding of life events to help clients turn difficult situations into valuable lessons and gifts. With each session as individual as the person, she navigates clients through a unique process to help them transform subconscious forces of personality, old negative patterns, and challenging emotional states. Sessions cultivate mindfulness, foster personal resilience, & build faith in life, all for lasting change.
Adriene holds intuitively-guided psychotherapy, psycho-spiritual counseling, &/or energy healing sessions to help individuals heal from traumas, remove blockages, & gain an understanding of life events to help clients turn difficult situations into valuable lessons and gifts. With each session as individual as the person, she navigates clients through a unique process to help them transform subconscious forces of personality, old negative patterns, and challenging emotional states. Sessions cultivate mindfulness, foster personal resilience, & build faith in life, all for lasting change.
(814) 250-3502 View (814) 250-3502
Photo of Amy L Roth, DSW, LSW, SSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy L Roth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LSW, SSW
Verified Verified
Lancaster, PA 17601
My speciality is helping children and youth experiencing anxiety, depression, and school refusal behaviors. Young people interested in improving their situation can learn tools that help, practice effective communication, and progress towards their goals. In my work, I build rapport and engage each individual in relational & therapeutic conversations. I value my faith, believe strongly in trauma-informed practices, education, family systems, and incorporate CBT strategies. It is important to have a little fun, laugh, and celebrate our success.
My speciality is helping children and youth experiencing anxiety, depression, and school refusal behaviors. Young people interested in improving their situation can learn tools that help, practice effective communication, and progress towards their goals. In my work, I build rapport and engage each individual in relational & therapeutic conversations. I value my faith, believe strongly in trauma-informed practices, education, family systems, and incorporate CBT strategies. It is important to have a little fun, laugh, and celebrate our success.
(717) 935-4224 View (717) 935-4224
Photo of Stephanie G. Fine, MEd, PsyD, BCB, Psychologist
Stephanie G. Fine
Psychologist, MEd, PsyD, BCB
Verified Verified
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist specializing in Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based psychotherapies, Neurofeedback, Biofeedback, Clinical Hypnosis, Anxiety and Trauma Disorders and Somatic and Experiential therapies. Please visit my website at http://www.DrStephanieGFine.com for more information about how I can help you on your path to wellness. Thank you.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist specializing in Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based psychotherapies, Neurofeedback, Biofeedback, Clinical Hypnosis, Anxiety and Trauma Disorders and Somatic and Experiential therapies. Please visit my website at http://www.DrStephanieGFine.com for more information about how I can help you on your path to wellness. Thank you.
(215) 515-4751 View (215) 515-4751
Photo of Natalie Zemaitis, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Natalie Zemaitis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Paoli, PA 19301
Making the decision to seek the support of a therapist is a very personal process and often occurs when one wants to change an aspect of life. I work collaboratively with clients to build a trusting and compassionate therapeutic alliance, interweaving my training in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Image Transformation Therapy (ImTT) with my background in Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) to make the counseling experience educational and empowering.
Making the decision to seek the support of a therapist is a very personal process and often occurs when one wants to change an aspect of life. I work collaboratively with clients to build a trusting and compassionate therapeutic alliance, interweaving my training in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Image Transformation Therapy (ImTT) with my background in Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) to make the counseling experience educational and empowering.
(215) 874-0963 View (215) 874-0963
Photo of Damaris Vanderhall, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Damaris Vanderhall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Easton, PA 18045  (Online Only)
What sets me apart from other counselors is my ability to meet the client “where they are” Whether that is a client with a severe & persistent mental health disorder or a client that I only meet with for a few brief sessions to help them work through a “tough period” in their lives. I am certified in Dialectical Behavior Therapy which has been proven effective in changing thought process and/or behavior to get more out of life. Simply stated – life isn’t black OR white and we often miss the importance of approaching things from a “gray point of view”.
What sets me apart from other counselors is my ability to meet the client “where they are” Whether that is a client with a severe & persistent mental health disorder or a client that I only meet with for a few brief sessions to help them work through a “tough period” in their lives. I am certified in Dialectical Behavior Therapy which has been proven effective in changing thought process and/or behavior to get more out of life. Simply stated – life isn’t black OR white and we often miss the importance of approaching things from a “gray point of view”.
(610) 421-0562 View (610) 421-0562
Photo of Samantha Ambrico-Custer, Pre-Licensed Professional
Samantha Ambrico-Custer
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19382
Embarking on a journey towards mental well-being takes both vulnerability and courage. Therapy is a sacred space, a place of transformation, where vulnerability transforms into strength, and courage takes the helm of your healing journey. As your partner in progress, I would be honored to walk alongside you and support you as you navigate life's challenges and discover the strength within you. My passion lies in supporting individuals living with chronic illnesses and disabilities, neurodiversity, and adoption/foster care.
Embarking on a journey towards mental well-being takes both vulnerability and courage. Therapy is a sacred space, a place of transformation, where vulnerability transforms into strength, and courage takes the helm of your healing journey. As your partner in progress, I would be honored to walk alongside you and support you as you navigate life's challenges and discover the strength within you. My passion lies in supporting individuals living with chronic illnesses and disabilities, neurodiversity, and adoption/foster care.
(484) 309-0709 View (484) 309-0709
Photo of Matt Jezzi, PhD, MS, Psychologist
Matt Jezzi
Psychologist, PhD, MS
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Life can bring unhappiness, distress, and uncertainty. It can also bring opportunities for satisfaction, connection with others, and meaning. Realizing that something in your life needs to change and seeking support to do so takes courage. Seeking the support of a well-trained, compassionate, and supportive therapist can be helpful—whether you need support during a stressful period, to address broader issues in forming and improving relationships, in adjusting to a loss or life transition—or simply because you know that you’re unhappy and are uncertain how to change.
Life can bring unhappiness, distress, and uncertainty. It can also bring opportunities for satisfaction, connection with others, and meaning. Realizing that something in your life needs to change and seeking support to do so takes courage. Seeking the support of a well-trained, compassionate, and supportive therapist can be helpful—whether you need support during a stressful period, to address broader issues in forming and improving relationships, in adjusting to a loss or life transition—or simply because you know that you’re unhappy and are uncertain how to change.
(215) 447-7137 View (215) 447-7137
Photo of Anabel Solano, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Anabel Solano
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19152  (Online Only)
My name is Anabel Solano and I’m a bilingual clinician, aspiring for my LPC in PA. I work under the supervision of Geraldine Pena, LPC at Live Truthfully Counseling, LLC. I obtained my masters in Counseling Psychology with a marriage and family therapy concentration. I spent one year of internship and close to three years post graduate, leading individual sessions and family sessions. The outpatient department I worked in focused on children who had traumatic experiences such as; sexual abuse, adoption, foster care and more. I have worked with a variety of different systems, cultures, and dynamics all under the Latinx community.
My name is Anabel Solano and I’m a bilingual clinician, aspiring for my LPC in PA. I work under the supervision of Geraldine Pena, LPC at Live Truthfully Counseling, LLC. I obtained my masters in Counseling Psychology with a marriage and family therapy concentration. I spent one year of internship and close to three years post graduate, leading individual sessions and family sessions. The outpatient department I worked in focused on children who had traumatic experiences such as; sexual abuse, adoption, foster care and more. I have worked with a variety of different systems, cultures, and dynamics all under the Latinx community.
(267) 641-2406 View (267) 641-2406
Photo of Faarah Misbah, MA, MFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Faarah Misbah
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19107
You might be asking, "How do I restore balance in my life?" In the complex dance of relationships, maintaining harmony can sometimes feel like an insurmountable challenge. Particularly in intimate relationships or within the family unit, it’s not uncommon to feel disconnected, despite your best efforts. Rekindling love, intimacy, and warmth in these relationships is within reach.
You might be asking, "How do I restore balance in my life?" In the complex dance of relationships, maintaining harmony can sometimes feel like an insurmountable challenge. Particularly in intimate relationships or within the family unit, it’s not uncommon to feel disconnected, despite your best efforts. Rekindling love, intimacy, and warmth in these relationships is within reach.
(610) 601-0024 View (610) 601-0024
Photo of Chris J Malanga, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Chris J Malanga
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
Are you feeling like the happiness, peace of mind, and professional success which you desire is consistently out of your grasp? My typical client knows that something in their life is not working, and they are ready to seek out meaningful change. Making the first step to reach out and pursue support is often the most difficult step. The good news is that psychotherapy and professional coaching are powerful tools for creating lasting change; for those ready to make the leap.
Are you feeling like the happiness, peace of mind, and professional success which you desire is consistently out of your grasp? My typical client knows that something in their life is not working, and they are ready to seek out meaningful change. Making the first step to reach out and pursue support is often the most difficult step. The good news is that psychotherapy and professional coaching are powerful tools for creating lasting change; for those ready to make the leap.
(484) 573-6395 View (484) 573-6395
Photo of Megan Eckert, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Megan Eckert
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018
I have been in mental health practice for 14 years, specializing in working with families and individuals in order to develop healthier, more adaptive means of coping with stressors. I use a systemic approach to guide treatment, with an understanding that all individuals are best understood within the various contexts in which they have grown up and live currently. I am trained in Structural Family Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Informed Care (EMDR, TF-CBT, and Trauma Art Narrative Therapy), and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, among other techniques and interventions.
I have been in mental health practice for 14 years, specializing in working with families and individuals in order to develop healthier, more adaptive means of coping with stressors. I use a systemic approach to guide treatment, with an understanding that all individuals are best understood within the various contexts in which they have grown up and live currently. I am trained in Structural Family Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Informed Care (EMDR, TF-CBT, and Trauma Art Narrative Therapy), and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, among other techniques and interventions.
(484) 430-3895 View (484) 430-3895
Photo of Kiva Fisher-Green - Sanant Counseling & Wellness, LLC, LCSW, LPC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sanant Counseling & Wellness, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monroeville, PA 15146
Sanant Counseling & Wellness, LLC is a Black owned, women-led private mental health practice. The owners have 36 years combined community mental health and support services experience. Sanant Counseling & Wellness LLC is a premier culturally humble, client-focused, evidenced-informed, and data-driven private practice that provides affordable counseling, holistic care and supportive services to remove barriers to accessing health and wellness care.
Sanant Counseling & Wellness, LLC is a Black owned, women-led private mental health practice. The owners have 36 years combined community mental health and support services experience. Sanant Counseling & Wellness LLC is a premier culturally humble, client-focused, evidenced-informed, and data-driven private practice that provides affordable counseling, holistic care and supportive services to remove barriers to accessing health and wellness care.
(412) 214-7120 View (412) 214-7120
Photo of Bari Benjamin, LCSW, BCD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bari Benjamin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15218
I strongly believe that people have the ability to make changes at any time in their lives. I have specialized training in step-family therapy and recognized they have different dynamics than intact families. I work with people who have depression, anxiety disorders, relationship issues, as well as those needing anger management skills.
I strongly believe that people have the ability to make changes at any time in their lives. I have specialized training in step-family therapy and recognized they have different dynamics than intact families. I work with people who have depression, anxiety disorders, relationship issues, as well as those needing anger management skills.
(412) 228-0503 View (412) 228-0503
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See more therapy options for Pennsylvania

How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Pennsylvania who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
73% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aetna
69% Highmark
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pennsylvania see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pennsylvania?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.