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Observational Study
. 2024 Jun 19:56:jrm19453.
doi: 10.2340/jrm.v56.19453.

Usefulness of the cardiopulmonary exercise test up to the anaerobic threshold for pati-ents aged ≥ 80 years with cardiovascular disease on cardiac rehabilitation

Yuiko Yano  1 , Yasunori Suematsu  2 , Takuro Matsuda  3 , Kai Tsukahara  4 , Miki Shirosaki  3 , Sakiko Matsuo  5 , Kanta Fujimi  6 , Shin-Ichiro Miura  7
Affiliations
Observational Study

Usefulness of the cardiopulmonary exercise test up to the anaerobic threshold for pati-ents aged ≥ 80 years with cardiovascular disease on cardiac rehabilitation

Yuiko Yano et al. J Rehabil Med. .

Abstract

Objective: A cardiopulmonary exercise test provides information regarding appropriate exercise intensity, but there have been few reports on its use in patients over 80 years of age.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Patients: A total of 511 cardiovascular disease patients who performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test from February 2011 to January 2020 were investigated.

Methods: Patients were stratified according to age: < 70 years, 70-79 years, and ≥ 80 years, and the results of the cardiopulmonary exercise test up to anaerobic threshold were compared.

Results: Patients in the < 70 age bracket showed higher oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide output, and ventilatory volume and lower ventilation equivalents per oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide output in all time periods. However, there were no significant differences in these parameters or the work rate (70-79 years of age: 41.4 ± 11.7 watts, vs ≥ 80 years: 42.2 ± 10.9 watts, p = 0.95) or oxygen consumption per body weight at anaerobic threshold (12.2 ± 0.2 ml/min/kg, vs 12.1 ± 0.4 ml/min/kg, p = 0.97) between the 70-79 year age bracket and the ≥ 80 year age bracket.

Conclusion: Even for cardiovascular disease patients age ≥ 80 years, a cardiopulmonary exercise test up to anaerobic threshold can supply useful information for guiding cardiac rehabilitation.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Changes in work rate and haemodynamic parameters during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) up to aerobic threshold (AT) in the 3 age groups. The changes in (A) work rate, (B) blood pressure, and (C) heart rate during CPET up to AT in patients under 70, aged 70–79 years age, and ≥ 80 years are shown. The data are shown as the mean and standard error. Solid, dotted, and dashed lines show the under-70, 70–79 years, and ≥ 80 years groups, respectively. *Indicates a significant difference compared with the < 70 group. †Indicates a significant difference compared with the 70–79 year age group.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Changes in gas exchange parameters during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) up to aerobic threshold (AT) in the 3 age groups. The changes in (A) oxygen consumption (VO2), (B) carbon dioxide output (VCO2), (C) VO2/wt; oxygen consumption per bodyweight (VO2/wt), and (D) respiratory exchange ratio ® during CPET up to AT in patients under 70, aged 70–79 years, and ≥ 80 years are shown. Data are shown as the mean and standard error. Solid, dotted, and dashed lines show the under-70, 70–79 years, and ≥ 80 years groups, respectively. *Indicates a significant difference compared with the < 70 group.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Changes in ventilatory volume parameters during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) up to aerobic threshold (AT) in the 3 age groups. The changes in (A) ventilator equivalents (VE), (B) tidal volume (TV), (C) respiratory rate (RR), and (D) ratio of dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT) during CPET up to AT in patients under 70, aged 70–79 years, and ≥ 80 years are shown. The data are shown as the mean and standard error. Solid, dotted, and dashed lines show the under-70, 70–79 years, and ≥ 80 years groups, respectively. *Indicates a significant difference compared with the < 70 group.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Changes in ventilatory efficiency parameters during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) up to aerobic threshold (AT)in the 3 age groups. The changes in (A) end-tidal oxygen (ETO2), (B) end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), (C) ventilatory equivalents for oxygen (VE/VO2), and (D) ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) during CPET up to AT in patients under 70, aged 70–79 years, and ≥ 80 years are shown. The data are shown as the mean and standard error. Solid, dotted, and dashed lines show the under-70, 70–79 years, and ≥ 80 years groups, respectively. *Indicates a significant difference compared with the < 70 group. †Indicates a significant difference compared with the 70–79 years group.
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