The impact of screen use on sleep health across the lifespan: A National Sleep Foundation consensus statement

Lauren E Hartstein¹, Gina Marie Mathew², David A Reichenberger³, Isaac Rodriguez², Nicholas Allen⁴, Anne-Marie Chang³, Jean-Philippe Chaput⁵, Dimitri A Christakis⁶, Michelle Garrison⁷, Joshua J Gooley⁸, Jessica A Koos⁹, Jan Van Den Bulck¹⁰, Heather Woods¹¹, Jamie M Zeitzer¹², Joseph M Dzierzewski¹³, Lauren Hale¹⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
² Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
³ Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.
⁴ Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA.
⁵ Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
⁶ Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Special Olympics International, Seattle, Washington, USA.
⁷ Neuroscience & Behavioural Disorders Programme, Department of Public Health, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
⁸ Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
⁹ Health Sciences Library, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Communication and Media, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
¹¹ School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
¹² Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
¹³ National Sleep Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
¹⁴ Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA. Electronic address: lauren.hale@stonybrook.edu.

PMID: 38806392
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2024.05.001

Review

The impact of screen use on sleep health across the lifespan: A National Sleep Foundation consensus statement

Lauren E Hartstein et al. Sleep Health. 2024.

. 2024 May 25:S2352-7218(24)00090-1.

doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2024.05.001. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
² Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
³ Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.
⁴ Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA.
⁵ Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
⁶ Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Special Olympics International, Seattle, Washington, USA.
⁷ Neuroscience & Behavioural Disorders Programme, Department of Public Health, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
⁸ Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
⁹ Health Sciences Library, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Communication and Media, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
¹¹ School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
¹² Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
¹³ National Sleep Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
¹⁴ Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA. Electronic address: lauren.hale@stonybrook.edu.

PMID: 38806392
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2024.05.001

Abstract

Objective: To achieve consensus on whether screen-based digital media (1) in general, (2) via prebedtime content, and (3) via prebedtime light impairs sleep health in (a) childhood, (b) adolescence, and (c) adulthood. Furthermore, to address whether employing behavioral strategies and interventions may reduce the potential negative effects of screens on sleep health.

Methods: The National Sleep Foundation convened a 16-person multidisciplinary expert panel ("Panel"). Panelists met virtually 5 times throughout 2023, during which they followed a modified Delphi RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method to reach consensus.

Results: The Panel conducted a literature review starting with 2209 articles, narrowed down to 522 relevant empirical articles and 52 relevant review articles. The search was refined to include 35 experimental/intervention studies that examined whether there was a causal link between screen-based digital media and sleep. In addition, panelists reviewed 5 recent relevant systematic review articles. After reviewing the summarized current literature, panelists voted on 10 candidate statements about whether screen use impairs sleep health. The Panel met virtually to discuss the results of the first round of votes, which was then followed by a second round of voting, ultimately achieving consensus on 5 out of the 10 statements.

Conclusions: The Panel achieved consensus that (1) in general, screen use impairs sleep health among children and adolescents, (2) the content of screen use before sleep impairs sleep health of children and adolescents, and (3) behavioral strategies and interventions may attenuate the negative effects of screen use on sleep health.

Keywords: Blue light; Recommendations; Screen content; Screen-based digital media.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of conflicts of interest The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

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The impact of screen use on sleep health across the lifespan: A National Sleep Foundation consensus statement

Affiliations

The impact of screen use on sleep health across the lifespan: A National Sleep Foundation consensus statement

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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