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. 2022;31(4):1007-1018.
doi: 10.1007/s10826-021-02122-y. Epub 2021 Oct 23.

Gender Differences in Perceived Family Involvement and Perceived Family Control during Emerging Adulthood: A Cross-Country Comparison in Southern Europe

M C García-Mendoza  1 , A Parra  1 , I Sánchez-Queija  1 , J E Oliveira  2 , S Coimbra  3
Affiliations

Gender Differences in Perceived Family Involvement and Perceived Family Control during Emerging Adulthood: A Cross-Country Comparison in Southern Europe

M C García-Mendoza et al. J Child Fam Stud. 2022.

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to explore gender differences in perceived parental involvement and perceived psychological and behavioral control during emerging adulthood in two Southern European countries (Spain and Portugal). Data were collected from 491 Portuguese and 552 Spanish undergraduate emerging adults (53.7 % women and 46.3 % men) aged between 18 and 29 years (M = 20.24 and SD = 2.12). Results indicated that women perceived higher levels of parental involvement than men in both countries, and men perceived more behavioral control than women in Portugal. Furthermore, gender was found to moderate the association between perceived parental involvement and perceived psychological and behavioral control differently in each country. Taken together, our findings suggest that gender-differentiated socialization patterns persist during emerging adulthood and that these patterns may be affected by the sociocultural context.

Keywords: Cross-national comparison; Emerging adulthood; Gender differences; Perceived parental control; Perceived parental involvement.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of InterestThe authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Moderating role of gender in the association between perceived parental involvement and perceived psychological control in Spain
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Moderating role of gender in the association between perceived parental involvement and perceived psychological control in Portugal
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Moderating role of gender in the association between perceived parental involvement and perceived behavioral control in Spain
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Moderating role of gender in the association between perceived parental involvement and perceived behavioral control in Portugal
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