Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales
- PMID: 3397865
- DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.1063
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales
Abstract
In recent studies of the structure of affect, positive and negative affect have consistently emerged as two dominant and relatively independent dimensions. A number of mood scales have been created to measure these factors; however, many existing measures are inadequate, showing low reliability or poor convergent or discriminant validity. To fill the need for reliable and valid Positive Affect and Negative Affect scales that are also brief and easy to administer, we developed two 10-item mood scales that comprise the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The scales are shown to be highly internally consistent, largely uncorrelated, and stable at appropriate levels over a 2-month time period. Normative data and factorial and external evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the scales are also presented.
Similar articles
-
Validation of Pictorial Mood Assessment with Ottawa Mood Scales and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Young Adults.Community Ment Health J. 2021 Apr;57(3):529-539. doi: 10.1007/s10597-020-00679-4. Epub 2020 Jul 13. Community Ment Health J. 2021. PMID: 32661820
-
Measuring positive and negative affect and physiological hyperarousal among Serbian youth.J Pers Assess. 2013;95(1):107-17. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2012.718301. Epub 2012 Sep 11. J Pers Assess. 2013. PMID: 22966821
-
Transient state-dependent fluctuations in anxiety measured using STAI, POMS, PANAS or VAS: a comparative review.Anxiety Stress Coping. 2012 Nov;25(6):603-45. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2011.582948. Epub 2011 Aug 10. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2012. PMID: 21827372 Review.
-
The use of visual analog scales in mood disorders: a critical review.J Psychiatr Res. 1997 Sep-Oct;31(5):569-79. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3956(97)00029-0. J Psychiatr Res. 1997. PMID: 9368198 Review.
-
The vicissitudes of mood measurement: effects of varying descriptors, time frames, and response formats on measures of positive and negative affect.J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Jul;55(1):128-41. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.55.1.128. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988. PMID: 3418487
Cited by
-
Friend Emotional Support and Dynamics of Adolescent Socioemotional Problems.J Youth Adolesc. 2024 Jun 6. doi: 10.1007/s10964-024-02025-3. Online ahead of print. J Youth Adolesc. 2024. PMID: 38842748
-
Brief Self-Compassion Intervention for Women of Higher Weight and Internalized Weight Bias: A Randomized Pilot Study.Int J Behav Med. 2024 Jun 5. doi: 10.1007/s12529-024-10297-z. Online ahead of print. Int J Behav Med. 2024. PMID: 38839712
-
Family migration and well-being of Chinese migrant workers' children.Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 4;14(1):12862. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63589-5. Sci Rep. 2024. PMID: 38834711 Free PMC article.
-
Effects of frequent assessments on the severity of suicidal thoughts: an ecological momentary assessment study.Front Public Health. 2024 May 17;12:1358604. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1358604. eCollection 2024. Front Public Health. 2024. PMID: 38827619 Free PMC article.
-
The impact of oxytocin on emotion recognition and trust: Does disordered eating moderate these relationships?PLoS One. 2024 May 31;19(5):e0303824. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303824. eCollection 2024. PLoS One. 2024. PMID: 38820421 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical