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. 2020 Sep 25;17(19):7020.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197020.

Prevalence, Predictors, and Awareness of Coffee Consumption and Its Trend among Saudi Female Students

Hanan A Alfawaz  1   2 , Nasiruddin Khan  3 , Sobhy M Yakout  2 , Malak N K Khattak  2 , Amani A Alsaikhan  1 , Areej A Almousa  1 , Taghreed A Alsuwailem  1 , Taghreed M Almjlad  1 , Nada A Alamri  1 , Sahar G Alshammari  1 , Nasser M Al-Daghri  2
Affiliations

Prevalence, Predictors, and Awareness of Coffee Consumption and Its Trend among Saudi Female Students

Hanan A Alfawaz et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, trends, and predictors of coffee consumption among Saudi female students and its association with anthropometric and demographic variables. A survey-based study using a face-to-face interview was designed, and 930 (aged 21.5 ± 2.1 years) apparently healthy female students from different departments of King Saud University participated. The prevalence of coffee consumption was significantly higher (88.2%, p < 0.03) in the central Riyadh region. Coffee consumers had significantly higher prevalence of being overweight than non-consumers (p = 0.02). The frequency of coffee consumption was significantly higher (p < 0.02) in students who were single and belonged to families with a moderate income level. Coffee consumption was significantly higher among first-year students with a high-scale grade point average (GPA) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively). Increased coffee consumption during exam and stress conditions was associated with unhealthy dietary habits such as using more sugar and spices. The prevalence of coffee consumption was high among Saudi females. High body mass index (BMI) and increased family income level were strong determinants for coffee consumption. Continued nutritional education and awareness about the potential positive and negative health effects of coffee consumption and the importance of food label use should be provided to younger generations in order to correct the wrong perceptions.

Keywords: BMI; Saudi Arabia; academic performance; coffee; female students; health awareness.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The frequency of symptoms related to coffee consumption.
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