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. 2020 Jun 29:16:1595-1603.
doi: 10.2147/NDT.S255912. eCollection 2020.

Depression Relationship with Dietary Patterns and Dietary Inflammatory Index in Women: Result from Ravansar Cohort Study

Jalal Moludi  1   2   3 , Mehdi Moradinazar  1 , Behrooz Hamzeh  1 , Farid Najafi  4 , Davood Soleimani  3 , Yahya Pasdar  1   3
Affiliations

Depression Relationship with Dietary Patterns and Dietary Inflammatory Index in Women: Result from Ravansar Cohort Study

Jalal Moludi et al. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. .

Abstract

Background and aims: Chronic inflammation is thought to have a major role in the pathophysiology of depression. Diet has been shown to modulate the inflammatory state, thus emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic role in depression. But, little is known about the relationship between dietary intake and depression. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between major dietary patterns, a dietary inflammatory index (DII) score, and depression among women.

Methods and materials: This cross-sectional study included 4630 women aged 35-65 years using baseline data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study in Western Iran. Diet was evaluated using a validated 125-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to determine DII scores and dietary patterns. Traditional, healthy, and unhealthy dietary patterns were extracted using factor analyses.

Results: A significant upward trend in the odds of depression was observed across the tertiles s of DII scores (P-trend: 0.019). After the adjustment for possible risk factors, a high adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk of depression than a low adherence (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.1-2.4). A high adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was associated with the lower odds (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.04-0.92). Among the main food groups, a high intake of eggs and refined grains was associated with a higher risk of depression.

Conclusion: In women, a refined grain dietary pattern is a risk factor for depression, whereas a healthy dietary pattern is protective. We have also shown that adherence to a pro-inflammatory diet was significantly associated with depression. Adherence to a dietary pattern with high intakes of dairy products, seafood, red meats, nuts, vegetables, fruits, flavor, and vegetable oils and diets with low inflammatory properties were associated with a lower risk of depression in women.

Keywords: depression; dietary inflammatory index; dietary pattern; food group.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Crude and adjusted odds ratio for depression across median of the main food groups. Adjusted for age, alcohol abuse, physical activity, smoking, energy intake and place of living *P value was less than 0.05.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Grants and funding

This study is part of the PERSIAN (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran) mega cohort study that was approved by ethics committees at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, the Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. Also, all experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Written informed consent were obtained from each study participant at the beginning of the measurement RaNCD is part of the PERSIAN national cohort, and we would like to thank Prof. Reza Malekzadeh, the Deputy of Research and Technology at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran and Director of the PERSIAN cohort, as well as Dr. Hossein Poustchi, the Executive Director of the PERSIAN cohort, for all their support during the design and implementation of the RaNCD cohort. This study was supported by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran and Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 92472).

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