The effect of nuts on markers of glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- PMID: 30722007
- PMCID: PMC7307437
- DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy236
The effect of nuts on markers of glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Abstract
Background: Observational evidence suggests higher nut consumption is associated with better glycemic control; however, it is unclear if this association is causal.
Objectives: We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effect of tree nuts and peanuts on markers of glycemic control in adults.
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. A total of 1063 potentially eligible articles were screened in duplicate. From these articles, 40 were eligible for inclusion and data from these articles were extracted in duplicate. The weighted mean difference (WMD) between the nut intervention and control arms was determined for fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method. For outcomes where a limited number of studies were published, a qualitative synthesis was presented.
Results: A total of 40 randomized controlled trials including 2832 unique participants, with a median duration of 3 mo (range: 1-12 mo), were included. Overall consumption of tree nuts or peanuts had a favorable effect on HOMA-IR (WMD: -0.23; 95% CI: -0.40, -0.06; I2 = 51.7%) and fasting insulin (WMD: -0.40 μIU/mL; 95% CI: -0.73, -0.07 μIU/mL; I2 = 49.4%). There was no significant effect of nut consumption on fasting blood glucose (WMD: -0.52 mg/dL; 95% CI: -1.43, 0.38 mg/dL; I2 = 53.4%) or HbA1c (WMD: 0.02%; 95% CI: -0.01%, 0.04%; I2 = 51.0%).
Conclusions: Consumption of peanuts or tree nuts significantly decreased HOMA-IR and fasting insulin; there was no effect of nut consumption on HbA1c or fasting glucose. The results suggest that nut consumption may improve insulin sensitivity. In the future, well-designed clinical trials are required to elucidate the mechanisms that account for these observed effects.
Figures
Similar articles
-
The effect of psyllium on fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, HOMA IR, and insulin control: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC Endocr Disord. 2024 Jun 6;24(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12902-024-01608-2. BMC Endocr Disord. 2024. PMID: 38844885 Free PMC article.
-
Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Glycemic Outcomes in Patients with Abnormal Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Ann Nutr Metab. 2021;77(5):251-261. doi: 10.1159/000518677. Epub 2021 Sep 17. Ann Nutr Metab. 2021. PMID: 34569523
-
Effects of l-arginine supplementation on glycemic profile: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.J Integr Med. 2020 Jul;18(4):284-291. doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.05.001. Epub 2020 May 28. J Integr Med. 2020. PMID: 32561357 Review.
-
Lack of efficacy of pomegranate supplementation for glucose management, insulin levels and sensitivity: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutr J. 2017 Oct 6;16(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s12937-017-0290-1. Nutr J. 2017. PMID: 28985741 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Effect of tree nuts on glycemic control in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled dietary trials.PLoS One. 2014 Jul 30;9(7):e103376. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103376. eCollection 2014. PLoS One. 2014. PMID: 25076495 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
Nuts and seeds - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.Food Nutr Res. 2024 Feb 7;68. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10483. eCollection 2024. Food Nutr Res. 2024. PMID: 38370112 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Causal relationship of cereal intake and type with cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study.Front Nutr. 2024 Jan 23;10:1320120. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1320120. eCollection 2023. Front Nutr. 2024. PMID: 38323222 Free PMC article.
-
The Cardioprotective Properties of Selected Nuts: Their Functional Ingredients and Molecular Mechanisms.Foods. 2024 Jan 11;13(2):242. doi: 10.3390/foods13020242. Foods. 2024. PMID: 38254543 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Consumption of Tree Nuts as Snacks Reduces Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Young Adults: A Randomized Trial.Nutrients. 2023 Dec 9;15(24):5051. doi: 10.3390/nu15245051. Nutrients. 2023. PMID: 38140310 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Association of Tree Nut Consumption with Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Health Outcomes in US Adults: NHANES 2011-2018.Curr Dev Nutr. 2023 Sep 25;7(10):102007. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102007. eCollection 2023 Oct. Curr Dev Nutr. 2023. PMID: 37869524 Free PMC article.
References
-
- World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2016.
-
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2017. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2017. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/data/statistics/national-diabetes-stat....
-
- Aune D, Keum N, Giovannucci E, Fadnes L, Boffetta P, Greenwood D, Tonstad S, Vatten L, Riboli E, Norat T. Nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMC Medicine. 2016;14(1):207. - PMC - PubMed