Analyzing self-controlled case series data when case confirmation rates are estimated from an internal validation sample
- PMID: 29768667
- PMCID: PMC6589832
- DOI: 10.1002/bimj.201700088
Analyzing self-controlled case series data when case confirmation rates are estimated from an internal validation sample
Abstract
Vaccine safety studies are often electronic health record (EHR)-based observational studies. These studies often face significant methodological challenges, including confounding and misclassification of adverse event. Vaccine safety researchers use self-controlled case series (SCCS) study design to handle confounding effect and employ medical chart review to ascertain cases that are identified using EHR data. However, for common adverse events, limited resources often make it impossible to adjudicate all adverse events observed in electronic data. In this paper, we considered four approaches for analyzing SCCS data with confirmation rates estimated from an internal validation sample: (1) observed cases, (2) confirmed cases only, (3) known confirmation rate, and (4) multiple imputation (MI). We conducted a simulation study to evaluate these four approaches using type I error rates, percent bias, and empirical power. Our simulation results suggest that when misclassification of adverse events is present, approaches such as observed cases, confirmed case only, and known confirmation rate may inflate the type I error, yield biased point estimates, and affect statistical power. The multiple imputation approach considers the uncertainty of estimated confirmation rates from an internal validation sample, yields a proper type I error rate, largely unbiased point estimate, proper variance estimate, and statistical power.
Keywords: confirmation rate of cases; internal validation sample; multiple imputation; self-controlled case series; vaccine safety.
© 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Conflict of interest statement
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared no conflict of interest.
Similar articles
-
Current Approaches to Vaccine Safety Using Observational Data: A Rationale for the EUMAEUS (Evaluating Use of Methods for Adverse Events Under Surveillance-for Vaccines) Study Design.Front Pharmacol. 2022 Mar 22;13:837632. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837632. eCollection 2022. Front Pharmacol. 2022. PMID: 35392566 Free PMC article. Review.
-
An imputation method for calculating and comparing autoimmune disease incidence using partial case review.Vaccine. 2017 Dec 4;35(48 Pt B):6672-6675. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.022. Epub 2017 Oct 25. Vaccine. 2017. PMID: 29079102
-
Signal detection of adverse events with imperfect confirmation rates in vaccine safety studies using self-controlled case series design.Biom J. 2014 May;56(3):513-25. doi: 10.1002/bimj.201300012. Epub 2014 Jan 9. Biom J. 2014. PMID: 24402780
-
Bias correction of risk estimates in vaccine safety studies with rare adverse events using a self-controlled case series design.Am J Epidemiol. 2013 Dec 15;178(12):1750-9. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt211. Epub 2013 Sep 27. Am J Epidemiol. 2013. PMID: 24327463
-
Use of the self-controlled case-series method in vaccine safety studies: review and recommendations for best practice.Epidemiol Infect. 2011 Dec;139(12):1805-17. doi: 10.1017/S0950268811001531. Epub 2011 Aug 18. Epidemiol Infect. 2011. PMID: 21849099 Review.
Cited by
-
Nationwide safety surveillance of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines following primary series and first booster vaccination in Singapore.Vaccine X. 2023 Dec 2;15:100419. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100419. eCollection 2023 Dec. Vaccine X. 2023. PMID: 38130887 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Baggs J, Gee J, Lewis E, Fowler G, Benson P, Lieu T, … Weintraub E (2011). The Vaccine Safety Datalink: A model for monitoring immunization safety. Pediatrics, 127 (Suppl 1), S45–S53. - PubMed
-
- Cole SR, Chu H, & Greenland S (2006). Multiple-imputation for measurement-error correction. International Journal of Epidemiology, 35 (4), 1074–1081. - PubMed
-
- Curtis LH, Weiner MG, Boudreau DM, Cooper WO, Daniel GW, Nair VP, … Brown JS (2012). Design considerations, architecture, and use of the mini-sentinel distributed data system. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 21 (Suppl. 1), 23–31. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical