First report of L1014F-kdr mutation in Culex pipiens complex from Morocco
- PMID: 27986090
- PMCID: PMC5159952
- DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1931-5
First report of L1014F-kdr mutation in Culex pipiens complex from Morocco
Abstract
Background: Mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex, competent vectors for West Nile virus (WNV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) are widely targeted by insecticide treatments. The intensive application of chemical insecticides led to the development of resistance in many insects including Culex pipiens mosquitoes. The absence of data on resistance mechanisms in Morocco allow us to assess the levels of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance and the frequency of the mutated gene L1014F kdr in different forms of Cx. pipiens complex from three regions of Morocco.
Methods: Mosquito adults were reared from immature stages collected in three different regions in Morocco (Tangier, Casablanca and Marrakech). Standard WHO insecticide susceptibility tests were conducted on adults emerged from collected larvae. Specimens were identified as belonging to the Culex pipiens complex using a multiplex PCR assay with diagnostic primers designed from the flanking region of microsatellite CQ11. Identified mosquitoes were then tested for the presence of the L1014F kdr mutation using PCR assay.
Results: Our results showed that 21% of the tested population has a resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin. The molecular identification of survivors shows that 43% belonged to the Cx. pipiens pipiens and only 9.5% to the Cx. pipiens molestus form. On the other hand, 416 specimens were screened for the L1014F kdr mutation. L1014F mutation was detected in different forms of Cx. pipiens in different sites. The frequency of L1014F mutation was similar between the Cx. pipiens pipiens form and hybrid form, while it was lower in the Cx. pipiens molestus form. The presence of the L1014F kdr allele was significantly associated with resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in Cx. pipiens pipiens (P < 0.0001) and hybrid form (P < 0.0001).
Conclusion: Resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin of Cx. pipiens populations appears to be largely due to the L1014F kdr mutation. To our knowledge, the frequencies of L1014F kdr mutation are examined for the first time in natural populations of the Culex pipiens complex in Morocco. These findings will provide important information to propose more adapted vector control measures towards this mosquito species, potential vector of arboviruses.
Keywords: Culex pipiens; L1014F kdr; Lambda-cyhalothrin; Morocco; Resistance.
Figures
Similar articles
-
Insecticide resistance and target site mutations (G119S ace-1 and L1014F kdr) of Culex pipiens in Morocco.Parasit Vectors. 2018 Jan 22;11(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2625-y. Parasit Vectors. 2018. PMID: 29357900 Free PMC article.
-
Trends in insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens pallens over 20 years in Shandong, China.Parasit Vectors. 2019 Apr 11;12(1):167. doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3416-9. Parasit Vectors. 2019. PMID: 30975185 Free PMC article.
-
Evaluation of the evolutionary genetics and population structure of Culex pipiens pallens in Shandong province, China based on knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations and the mtDNA-COI gene.BMC Genomics. 2023 Mar 24;24(1):145. doi: 10.1186/s12864-023-09243-2. BMC Genomics. 2023. PMID: 36964519 Free PMC article.
-
Pyrethroid resistance in Culex pipiens mosquitoes.Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2015 May;120:68-76. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.12.018. Epub 2014 Dec 19. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2015. PMID: 25987223 Review.
-
The contribution of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes to transmission and persistence of West Nile virus in North America.J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2012 Dec;28(4 Suppl):137-51. doi: 10.2987/8756-971X-28.4s.137. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2012. PMID: 23401954 Review.
Cited by
-
Distribution of Insecticide Resistance Genetic Markers in the West Nile Virus Vector Culex pipiens from South-Eastern Romania.Insects. 2022 Nov 17;13(11):1062. doi: 10.3390/insects13111062. Insects. 2022. PMID: 36421965 Free PMC article.
-
Mosquito Vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) and Mosquito-Borne Diseases in North Africa.Insects. 2022 Oct 20;13(10):962. doi: 10.3390/insects13100962. Insects. 2022. PMID: 36292910 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Assessing pyrethroid resistance status in the Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae) from the northwest suburbs of Chicago, Illinois using Cox regression of bottle bioassays and other detection tools.PLoS One. 2022 Jun 29;17(6):e0268205. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268205. eCollection 2022. PLoS One. 2022. PMID: 35767519 Free PMC article.
-
Occurrence of L1014F and L1014S mutations in insecticide resistant Culex quinquefasciatus from filariasis endemic districts of West Bengal, India.PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Jan 13;16(1):e0010000. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010000. eCollection 2022 Jan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022. Retraction in: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023 Jun 20;17(6):e0011417. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011417. PMID: 35025867 Free PMC article. Retracted.
-
Modeling and mapping the habitat suitability and the potential distribution of Arboviruses vectors in Morocco.Parasite. 2021;28:37. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2021030. Epub 2021 Apr 14. Parasite. 2021. PMID: 33861197 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Chevalier V, Pepin M, Plee L, Lancelot R. Rift valley fever-a threat for Europe? Euro Surveill. 2010;15:19506. - PubMed
-
- Eisa M, Obeid H, El-Sawi A. Rift valley fever in the Sudan. I. Results on field investigations of the first epizootic in Kosti District, 1973. Bull Anim Health Prod Afr. 1977;24:343–7.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources