Body dysmorphic disorder
- PMID: 20623926
- PMCID: PMC3181960
- DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2010.12.2/abjornsson
Body dysmorphic disorder
Abstract
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a relatively common disorder that consists of a distressing or impairing preoccupation with imagined or slight defects in appearance. BDD is commonly considered to be an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder, based on similarities it has with obsessive-compulsive disorder. It is important to recognize and appropriately treat BDD, as this disorder is associated with marked impairment in psychosocial functioning, notably poor quality of life, and high suicidality rates. In this review, we provide an overview of research findings on BDD, including its epidemiology, clinical features, course of illness, comorbidity, psychosocial functioning, and suicidality. We also briefly review recent research on neural substrates and cognitive processing. Finally, we discuss treatment approaches that appear efficacious for BDD, with a focus on serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
El trastorno dismórfico corporal (TDC) es una patología relativamente común que se caracteriza por una preocupación agobiante o limitante relacionada con defectos leves o imaginarios de la apariencia. Habitualmente se considera el TDC como un trastorno del espectro obsesivo-compulsivo, dadas las similitudes que tiene con el trastorno obsesivocompulsivo. Es importante reconocer y tratar apropiadamente el TDC, ya que este trastorno se asocia con un marcado deterioro del funcionamiento psicosocial, una muy pobre calidad de vida y alta frecuencia de suicidalidad. En esta revisión se entrega una panorámica de los hallazgos de la investigación en el TDC, incluyendo su epidemiología, las características clínicas, el curso de la enfermedad, la comorbilidad, el funcionamiento psicosocial y la suicidalidad. También se revisa brevemente la investigación reciente sobre los sustratos neurales y el procesamiento cognitivo. Finalmente se discuten las aproximaciones terapéuticas que parecen eficaces para el TDC, con un foco en los inhibidores de la recaptura de serotonina y la terapia cognitivo-conductual.
Le trouble dysmorphophobique est un trouble relativement courant consistant en une préoccupation pénible ou obsédante concernant une imperfection légère ou imaginaire de l'apparence. La dysmorphophobie est considérée couramment comme un trouble du spectre obsessionnel-compulsif (TOC), fondé sur ses ressemblances avec le TOC. Il est important de le reconnaître et de le traiter correctement, ce trouble étant associé à une altération importante du fonctionnement psychosocial, en particulier une mauvaise qualité de vie et un taux élevé de suicides. Cet article présente les travaux sur le trouble dysmorphophobique, incluant son épidémiologie, son tableau clinique, l'évolution de la maladie, la comorbidité, le fonctionnement psychosocial et le taux de suicide. Nous présentons également rapidement les résultats de recherche récente sur les substrats neuraux et les processus cognitifs. Nous abordons finalement les traitements qui semblent efficaces pour cette pathologie, en mettant l'accent sur les inhibiteurs de la recapture de la sérotonine et le traitement cognitivo-comportemental.
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