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T cells are white blood cells that are important for adaptive immunity. They have unique cell surface receptors that are generated by randomly assorting genes. These receptors allow T cells to sense and respond to diverse types of infection.
Improved understanding of CD8+ T cell function during HIV infection is vital to designing an HIV cure. We have identified a subset of lymph node CD8+ T cells that demonstrate simultaneous stem-like and effector properties and are strongly associated with viral control during SIV and HIV infection.
Regulating the balance between TH17 cells that drive autoimmune inflammation and nonpathogenic TH17 cells is critical for limiting autoimmune pathology. Here, the authors extensively characterize these two cell states at the transcriptomic and epigenetic levels and show how BACH2 is protective in this context.
Loss of tumor suppressor function is one of the major causes of uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. Here authors show that inactivation of the tumor suppressors NF1, TSC1, and TGF-β RII also promotes a non-cell autonomous change in the tumor microenvironment, characterized by inflammatory features and LAG3+ T cell-mediated immune suppression, which are therapeutically targetable.
The thymus harbors a complex constitutively active inflammatory network with innate-like T cells representing one of its central nodes. Here, the authors show that these cells can induce tolerance to inflammation-associated self-antigens, a class of molecules that otherwise largely mirrors the spatial and temporal distribution of pathogen-derived antigens.
Both T cells and lung macrophages are involved in the control of lung tuberculosis infection. Here the authors examine the dependence of the lung macrophage response upon the presence of T cells and show that CD4 and CD8 T cells promote the elimination of M.Tb in alveolar macrophages but have less impact on monocyte-derived macrophages.
The transcription factor GATA3 is enhanced in innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2). Here the authors characterize the super enhancer regions of GATA3 and show that these enhancers are required to drive GATA3 expression and stage specific ILC2 development.
Improved understanding of CD8+ T cell function during HIV infection is vital to designing an HIV cure. We have identified a subset of lymph node CD8+ T cells that demonstrate simultaneous stem-like and effector properties and are strongly associated with viral control during SIV and HIV infection.
An adoptive cellular therapy based on γδ T cells, which were engineered to secrete a tumour-targeting opsonin as well as an IL-15 superagonist, controlled tumour growth in a mouse model of patient-derived osteosarcoma.
CAR T cell technology is being extended beyond the treatment of cancer. New data show that it might also treat allergic asthma, with a single infusion sufficient to prevent pathology for over a year in mice.