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The subcellular localization of numerous mRNAs has been demonstrated. This Review presents the different means of mRNA localization described and discusses how they can account for the widespread occurrence of this phenomenon.
R-loops and G-quadruplexes are non-canonical nucleic acid structures with known roles in genome organization. Here, Wulfridge and Sarma highlight emerging roles in DNA repair and transcriptional and epigenetic gene regulation.
Several processes of regulated cell death engage or use mitochondria, which are thus central hubs that not only coordinate cell death but also elicit non-lethal signalling mediated by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization.
Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that is characterized by morphological abnormalities of mitochondria and the overwhelming peroxidation of phospholipids. Certain tumours are susceptible to ferroptosis, which could be exploited to treat cancers.
Granath-Panelo and Kajimura review emerging evidence of mitochondrial heterogeneity in different contexts and discuss how mitochondrial malleability contributes to cell fate determination and tissue remodelling.
Metastatic colonization involves cancer-cell-intrinsic mechanisms and microenvironmental interactions, and a better understanding of the factors that influence the final, post-extravasation phases is crucial for therapeutically targeting metatstasis.
Mathiowetz and Olzmann review our current understanding of the mechanisms of lipid droplet biogenesis and turnover, the transfer of lipids and metabolites at membrane contact sites, and the role of lipid droplets in regulating fatty acid flux in lipotoxicity and cell death.
In this Review, Dai, Stockwell, Kroemer, Tang and colleagues offer a comprehensive discussion of the molecular regulation of ferroptosis and highlight how this may be potentially leveraged for therapeutic benefit for disease treatment.
The mechanisms controlling lysosome abundance in cells and how changes in lysosome pool size impact physiological and pathophysiological processes are discussed.
Kao et al. discuss the metabolic crosstalk between cancer cells and immune cells and how this impacts immune surveillance and anti-tumour immune responses.
In this Review, Andrew Modzelewski, Johnny Gan Chong, Ting Wang and Lin He discuss how sequences introduced by transposon activities provide raw material for genome innovation and document the distinct evolutionary path of each species.
In this Review, Polyak and colleagues discuss cellular and microenvironmental mechanisms that contribute to intratumour heterogeneity and how this affects immune escape and tumour progression.
Studying SARS-CoV-2 in organoids. Chen et al. review the emerging roles of complex organoids in the study of SARS-CoV-2 infection, modelling of COVID-19 disease pathology and in drug, antibody and vaccine development.
In this Review, Hurley and colleagues cover the most recent discoveries and the emerging molecular understanding of the mechanisms of autophagosome formation.
Legube and Marnef review the association between R-loops and DNA repair. They discuss how R-loops are formed near DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and how R-loops affect transcription near DSBs and DSB repair processes.
Karoutas and Akhtar review the roles of the nuclear lamina in chromatin-related functions, including transcription, epigenetic regulation and chromatin architecture, and their abnormalities in diseases and ageing.
Qi and colleagues review CRISPR-based epigenome engineering technologies to modulate histone and DNA modifications and to perturb DNA and RNA regulatory elements and chromatin organization.
The intestinal stem cell niche McCarthy, Kraiczy and Shivdasani review the cellular and molecular organisation of the mammalian intestinal stem cell niche and its functions.
