Extended Data Fig. 5: Schematic diagram showing the short-term biotic events in relation to key changes in tectonics, climate and oceanography.
From: Cenozoic history of the tropical marine biodiversity hotspot
![Extended Data Fig. 5](https://cdn.statically.io/img/media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-024-07617-4/MediaObjects/41586_2024_7617_Fig9_ESM.jpg)
25 Ma: first collision of Australia with Southeast Asia; 20 Ma: closure of the Tethys Seaway and closure of the Indonesian deep-water passage; 16 Ma: Mid-Miocene Climate Optimum; 12 Ma: intensification of the East Asian Monsoon; 5 Ma: restriction of the Indonesian Throughflow. Blue and orange shaded areas in the maps indicate continental shelf. Paleogeographic maps modified from Kocsis and Scotese73.