Extended Data Fig. 3: Coralloid speleothem samples from Leang Karampuang.

a, Photograph of the dated rock art panel on the ceiling, a narrative composition or scene depicting at least four interacting figures: three are human-like in form (denoted H1-H3), and a fourth much larger figure is a naturalistic representation of a pig (denoted Pig figure) facing left. A coralloid speleothem was collected from each of the four figures (coralloid samples are denoted LK1 to LK4) and dated. Coralloid sample LK1 was collected from figure H2, which is positioned immediately in front of the snout of the pig figure and is holding a material culture object in its left hand, one end of which is positioned close to the throat area of the pig; LK2 was collected from H3, which seems to be depicted in an upside down position just above the head of the pig; LK3 was collected from the pig figure; and LK4 was collected from H1, a large anthropomorphic figure with extended arms and no legs depicted; as with H2, this figure is represented with a stick-like object in its left hand; b–e, photographs of each of the coralloid speleothems still in situ on the rock art panel prior to sampling: LK1 (b), LK2 (c), LK3 (d) and LK4 (e).