In the early part of the period from 1400 to 1600 A.D., the Central Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane; r. 1370–1405) threatens Mamluk rule in the Eastern Mediterranean. Though the arts initially suffer from the political turmoil, they revive with increased trade and economic activity. In the sixteenth century, the region becomes part of the Ottoman realm and benefits from incorporation into a world empire.