New research has identified that neurons in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB) are crucial for learning from negative experiences.
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Scientists studying learning in mice have inadvertently encountered 'zombie neurons' in the brain – not flesh-eating, virus-spreading monsters, but cells that stop interacting normally even though they're functionally alive. What's more, they shed new light on learning processes in the brain. A team from Portugal discovered the cells as part of an investigation into how a part of the brain called the cerebellum learns from the environment around us. The cerebellum processes sensory information related to motor movements. It helps us walk down a crowded street, or pick up a drink without spilling it, and it's also important for learning: so if we bump into something, we know how to refine our movement to avoid it next time. Exactly how that learning happens was the subject of this new study. Using optogenetics, where cells are manipulated by light, together with learning tasks carried out by mice, the researchers were able to show the key role of certain cerebellum inputs called climbing fibers. #brain #neurons #optogenetics #cerebellum #learning https://lnkd.in/evsRgDeh
Mysterious 'Zombie Neurons' Unlock Secrets of Learning in The Brain
sciencealert.com
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Scientists Are Unlocking the Secrets of Your ‘Little Brain’ the cerebellum which is responsible for far more than coordinating movement. https://lnkd.in/gkYenvW3 The cerebellum contains three-quarters of all the brain’s neurons, which are organized in an almost crystalline arrangement, in contrast to the tangled thicket of neurons found elsewhere. New experimental techniques are showing that in addition to controlling movement, the cerebellum regulates complex behaviors, social interactions, aggression, working memory, learning, emotion, and cognitive functions related to music perception like from Omega Human Cheers....Steve AI startup advisor 'force multiplier' https://lnkd.in/g38mWcs Aude Monciino Toni Masselter
Zombie Neurons: Unlocking the Cerebellum’s Learning Secrets Researchers have found "zombie neurons" in the cerebellum, advancing our understanding of brain learning mechanisms. These neurons, altered yet functional, highlight the indispensable role of climbing fibers in learning.
Zombie Neurons: Unlocking the Cerebellum's Learning Secrets - Neuroscience News
https://neurosciencenews.com
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OUT NOW! The FALL 2023 Issue of the #FBINewsletter: "Fifteen Years Later, There Is Much to Celebrate at The Friedman Brain Institute" https://shorturl.at/bxzB6 As we recognize what has been an incredible 15 years for The Friedman Brain Institute, CHECK OUT the FALL 2023 issue of the FBI newsletter which adds to our celebration by focusing on how our scientists have contributed to technologies that are responsible for the current renaissance in neuroscience. In this issue: "Computation: Going Beyond Modern Lab Techniques to Construct Mathematical Models of the Brain". Even in 2023, the brain’s most complex and intriguing features can be challenging, if not impossible, to study in model organisms. Neuroscientists have turned to artificial intelligence and machine learning to model features of the brain inaccessible by modern laboratory techniques. Highlighted in this issue: the contributions made to the field by Daniela Schiller, PhD, and Xiaosi Gu, PhD CHECK IT OUT: https://shorturl.at/drAN5 #FriedmanBrainInstitute #NashNeuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine The Mount Sinai Hospital
Going Beyond Modern Lab Techniques to Construct Mathematical Models of the Brain
reports.mountsinai.org
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Reporter Il Giornale/Libero/Il Tempo/ Il Messaggero/ Rsi Tv/ coordinatore mensile Bella e settimanali salute
Brain circuits underlying learning from negative experiences https://lnkd.in/dhDBc2bS
Brain circuits underlying learning from negative experiences
saluteh24.com
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AI startup advisor 'force multiplier' whose superpower is connecting and illuminating the dots that matter faster, better, smarter than you and 99.9% of people ;-)
More parallel 'traffic' observed in human brains than in animals https://lnkd.in/gP8MBEmP A team of researchers from EPFL in Switzerland used advanced data analysis techniques on top of fMRI scans to analyze brain activity in humans, mice, and macaques. Comparing the resulting brain 'traffic maps', they found the human brain uses multiple parallel pathways to shift information from one region to another, whereas the mice and macaque brains use just single channels. "What's new in our study is the use of multimodal data in a single model combining two branches of mathematics: graph theory, which describes the polysynaptic roadmaps; and information theory, which maps information transmission (or traffic) via the roads," says Alessandra Griffa, a biomedical engineer from EPFL. The basic principle is that messages passed from a source to a target remain unchanged or are further degraded at each stop along the road, like the telephone game we played as children. Our brains seem to be wired to simultaneously use multiple roads to get the convoy of signals to its destination. These parallel pathways are as unique as fingerprints and can distinguish individual nervous systems. Such parallel processing in human brains has been hypothesized, but never observed before at a whole-brain level says Griffa. Griffa says that the beauty of the researchers’ model is its simplicity, and its inspiration of new perspectives and research avenues in evolution and computational neuroscience. For example, the findings can be linked to the expansion of human brain volume over time, which has given rise to more complex connectivity patterns. We could hypothesize that these parallel information streams allow for multiple representations of reality, and the ability to perform abstract functions specific to humans. She adds that although this hypothesis is only speculative, as the Nature Communications study involved no testing of subjects’ computational or cognitive ability, these are questions that she would like to explore in the future. We looked at how information travels, so an interesting next step would be to model more complex processes to study how information is combined and processed in the brain to create something new. As a memory and cognition researcher, she is especially interested in using the model developed in the study to investigate if parallel information transmission could confer resilience to brain networks, and potentially play a role in neurorehabilitation after brain injury, or in the prevention of cognitive decline in pathologies of advanced age. Some people age healthily, while others experience cognitive decline, so we’d like to see if there is a relationship between this difference and the presence of parallel information streams, and whether they could be trained to compensate neurodegenerative processes.
More parallel 'traffic' observed in human brains than in animals
actu.epfl.ch
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Human-to-monkey transfer learning identifies the frontal white matter as a key determinant for predicting monkey brain age Frontiers https://lnkd.in/dPEin7ZC
Human-to-monkey transfer learning identifies the frontal white matter as a key determinant for predicting monkey brain age
frontiersin.org
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📢 Check out this recent paper published in Human Brain Mapping. 👉 The aim of the study was to revise the original BrainAGE machine learning framework. ⁉ The original BrainAGE framework is a supervised machine learning method that employs relevance vector regression (RVR) in order to predict the chronological age of an individual based on a single T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) scan of their brain. The BrainAGE method was introduced more than a decade ago and was successfully applied to various subject groups, such as adolescents, elderly people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. ✨ Congratulations to the authors: Polona Kalc, Robert Dahnke, Felix Hoffstaedter and Christian Gaser👏 https://lnkd.in/e__Sm9eE
BrainAGE: Revisited and reframed machine learning workflow
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
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Excited to announce we have now published my research on working ('short-term') memory and learning. Our findings indicate that the number of cells called oligodendrocytes generated during learning of a maze task is directly proportional to individual performance. This suggest that generating more oligodendrocytes when learning a new task may produce greater improvement. Find our paper here: https://lnkd.in/eUjvPjew Find our descriptive video here: https://lnkd.in/eQwHgbNt
Oligodendrocyte dynamics dictate cognitive performance outcomes of working memory training in mice - Nature Communications
nature.com
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Skills don't change, learning doesn't happen without practice. And now we have proof at the level of the neurons in our brain's (well in the brains of mice!). "In summary, the study highlights the profound impact of repetition on skill mastery and memory formation. By employing cutting-edge imaging technology, the researchers have unveiled the neural mechanisms that transform working memory representations from an unstable state to a solid one as individuals practice a task repeatedly." So why do we perpetuate the thinking in learning that people can read/watch/listen to something and that will change their behaviour. Start with practice and build everything else around that. https://lnkd.in/eEvDQHTm
Practice actually does 'make perfect' when it comes to memory and mastering skills
earth.com
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Can you recognize someone you haven’t seen in years, but forget what you had for breakfast yesterday? Our brains constantly rearrange their circuitry to remember familiar faces or learn new skills, but the molecular basis of this process isn’t well understood. Complex sugar molecules called glycosaminoglycans affect “plasticity” in the brains of mice, according to new research presented at #ACSFall2023. Determining how these sugars function could help us understand how memory and learning work in humans and provide ways to repair neural connectivity after injuries. https://brnw.ch/21wBVRL
Sugars affect brain ‘plasticity,’ helping with learning, memory, recovery - American Chemical Society
acs.org
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Consultant Psychiatrist
1wInteresting!