International Neuromodulation Society’s Post

Brain organoids are useful models when studying neurodevelopment and brain disorders. Biomolecular signals, vascularization, and non-neural cells are just some of the challenges associated with mimicking human brains. Access this informative poster to learn the many methods used to overcome them. Download now: https://ow.ly/qHwu50Rhsa6 #3DOrganoids #BrainOrganoids #Live-CellAnalysis

Are all brain tumours cancerous? Dr. Parth Jani breaks it down for you in simple terms, sharing detailed answers to this common question. Share this with someone who seeks clear answers about brain tumours! Call 63588 88815 or visit https://lnkd.in/dRH65VNB to connect with our expert. #HCGHospitals #HCG #BrainTumorFacts #NeuroHealth #DrParthJaniTalks #ClearAnswers #BrainHealthMatters #CancerAwareness #MedicalInsights #PatientEducation #HealthAwareness #UnderstandingBrainTumors

𝙈𝙄𝘾𝙏𝙐𝙍𝙄𝙏𝙄𝙊𝙉 𝙍𝙀𝙁𝙇𝙀𝙓 The micturition reflex is one of the autonomic reflexes, but the release of urine is regulated by voluntary neural mechanisms that involve centers in the brain and spinal cord. The micturition reflex is a bladder-to-bladder contraction reflex for which the reflex center is located in the rostral pontine tegmentum (pontine micturition center: PMC). There are two afferent pathways from the bladder to the brain. One is the dorsal system and the other is the spinothalamic tract. Afferents to the PMC ascend in the spinotegmental tract, which run through the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord. The efferent pathway from the PMC also runs through the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord to inhibit the thoracolumbar sympathetic nucleus and the sacral pudendal nerve nucleus, while promoting the activity of the sacral parasymapathetic nucleus. Inhibition of the sympathetic nucleus and pudendal nerve nucleus induces relaxation of the bladder neck and the external urethral sphincter, respectively. There are two centers that inhibit micturition in the pons, which are the pontine urine storage center and the rostral pontine reticular formation. In the lumbosacral cord, excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory glycinergic/GABAergic neurons influence both the afferent and efferent limbs of the micturition reflex. The activity of these neurons is affected by the pontine activity. There are various excitatory and inhibitory areas co-existing in the brain, but the brain has an overall inhibitory effect on micturition, and thus maintains continence. For micturition to occur, the cerebrum must abate its inhibitory influence on the PMC. #snsinstitutions #designthinking #thinking

Immune system in brain development The researchers demonstrate that Type I interferon (IFN-I)-responsive microglia expand during developmental stress. IFN-I microglial subset that engulfs whole neurons in the developing mouse cortex and is required for normal cortical development and sensorimotor function. They also show that IFN-I deficiency causes excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and tactile hypersensitivity. These data demonstrate a physiologic role for a canonical antiviral immune pathway in brain development. #sciencenewshighlights #ScienceMission https://lnkd.in/gjFWT-c8 https://lnkd.in/giXZy8Ss

The word “benign” is sometimes used to describe brain tumours which are low grade (grade 1 or 2). But using the term “benign brain tumour” can be misleading. As although these tumours grow more slowly than high grade (grade 3 or 4) tumours, they can still be serious and have a huge impact on a persons quality of life. “Benign” does not equal “fine” https://bit.ly/4cJW7Il

#traumaticbraininjury #movementtherapy #corticalplasticity #MRI Modified constraint-induced movement therapy enhances cortical plasticity in a rat model of traumatic brain injury: a resting-state functional MRI study https://lnkd.in/gibXxwYj Modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) has shown beneficial effects on motor function improvement after brain injury, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) metrics measured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of mCIMT in a control cortical impact rat model simulating traumatic brain injury. Our findings suggest that functional cortical plasticity changes after brain injury, and that mCIMT is an effective method to improve affected upper limb motor function by promoting bilateral hemispheric cortical remodeling. mALFF values correlate with behavioral changes and can potentially be used as biomarkers to assess dynamic cortical plasticity after traumatic brain injury.

TPS (Transcranial Puls Stimulation) to treat Alzheimer’s (AD) allow highly focal brain stimulation up to 8 cm deep in the brain. -TPS secures unprecedented precision for targeting brain areas in pathological brains and avoids brain heating. -TPS reduce cortical atrophy (MR cortical thickness data), improve brain performance in AD and recent clinical observations indicate also motor improvements in Parkinson’s. Picture: TPS handpiece

#traumaticbraininjury #bloodflow #mitochondrial #model Characteristics of traumatic brain injury models: from macroscopic blood flow changes to microscopic mitochondrial changes https://lnkd.in/g6hsAPmm Controlled cortical impingement is a widely accepted method to induce traumatic brain injury to establish a traumatic brain injury animal model. A strike depth of 1 mm at a certain speed is recommended for a moderate brain injury and a depth of > 2 mm is used to induce severe brain injury. However, the different effects and underlying mechanisms of these two model types have not been proven. This study investigated the changes in cerebral blood flow, differences in the degree of cortical damage, and differences in motor function under different injury parameters of 1 and 2 mm at injury speeds of 3, 4, and 5 m/s. We also explored the functional changes and mitochondrial damage between the 1 and 2 mm groups in the acute (7 days) and chronic phases (30 days). Our results provide reliable data support and evaluation methods for promoting the establishment of standard mouse controlled cortical impingement model guidelines.

We have just updated our brain tumour classification checklist with this paper https://lnkd.in/dkSMm7tE

In this video, Dr Bruno Chikly discusses some of the techniques covered in Brain 3 (Brain Tissue, Nuclei, Fluid & Peripheral Nervous System). In this class, students will learn how to work with and release restrictions in several new areas of the CNS. Find out more! https://bit.ly/3SWnhDx