Scott Conard, MD

Dallas, Texas, United States Contact Info
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  • Converging Health

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Publications

  • Mental Health Applications of Generative AI and Large Language Modeling in the United States

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

    Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has flourished in recent years. More specifically,
    generative AI has had broad applications in many disciplines. While mental illness is on the rise, AI
    has proven valuable in aiding the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. However, there is
    little to no research about precisely how much interest there is in AI technology.
    Methods: We performed a Google Trends search for “AI and mental health” and compared relative search volume…

    Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has flourished in recent years. More specifically,
    generative AI has had broad applications in many disciplines. While mental illness is on the rise, AI
    has proven valuable in aiding the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. However, there is
    little to no research about precisely how much interest there is in AI technology.
    Methods: We performed a Google Trends search for “AI and mental health” and compared relative search volume (RSV) indices of “AI”, “AI and Depression”, and “AI and anxiety”. This time series study employed
    Box–Jenkins time series modeling to forecast long-term interest through the end of 2024.

    Results: Within the United States, AI interest steadily increased throughout 2023, with some anomalies due
    to media reporting. Through predictive models, we found that this trend is predicted to increase
    114% through the end of the year 2024, with public interest in AI applications being on the rise.

    Conclusions: According to our study, we found that the awareness of AI has drastically increased
    throughout 2023, especially in mental health. This demonstrates increasing public awareness of
    mental health and AI, making advocacy and education about AI technology of paramount importance.

    Other authors
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  • Large Language Modeling and Classical AI methods for the future of Healthcare

    Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health

    Large Language Modeling (LLM) is ubiquitous in the healthcare industry guiding clinical decisions. With the increase in demand, we must proceed with caution in the AI industry. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of the Random Forest model in comparison to other similar models. From the 2005 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset, we assessed if there was a relationship between depression and hypertension and if depression predicted hypertension…

    Large Language Modeling (LLM) is ubiquitous in the healthcare industry guiding clinical decisions. With the increase in demand, we must proceed with caution in the AI industry. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of the Random Forest model in comparison to other similar models. From the 2005 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset, we assessed if there was a relationship between depression and hypertension and if depression predicted hypertension. Depression was determined using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) 9 ≥ 10. Hypertension was determined by taking the average of three systolic pressure readings that were elevated. Current smoking was determined by self-reported data. We tested several Random Forest models, compared with logistic regression, naïve Bayes, decision tree model and assessed these for accuracy. The percentage of the population with diabetes was 7.7%. We found that in comparison to logistic regression (87.8%), naïve Bayes (84.6%), and decision tree model (89.3%), the Random Forest model (98.4%) was considered most accurate. We also found that out of all the variables, according to the Gini impurity index, employment (150) received the highest score in relative importance. The next highest score was depression (140). This system demonstrates the importance of using traditional AI systems such as Random Forest modeling in conjunction with LLM. ChatGPT and LLM’s must be further understood to integrate with classical machine learning techniques to make further advances in healthcare. LLM’s have been mobilized to write history and physical assessment, extracting drug names from medical notes, and condensing radiology reports. Abstraction of medical records and other applications in healthcare can further be enhanced by using the full potential for AI systems such LLM.

    Other authors
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  • Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Risk Prediction and Care Planning for Cardiovascular Disease: A New Vision

    21st Century Cardiology

    Two fundamental concepts in achieving better health outcomes include improving risk prediction and having more effective interventions. New artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques, using large language models and computer vision, have the potential to dramatically improve risk
    prediction, by quickly analyzing data in a manner not previously possible in a clinical setting, leading to more precise and targeted therapy. Models can
    be trained on a large volume of data…

    Two fundamental concepts in achieving better health outcomes include improving risk prediction and having more effective interventions. New artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques, using large language models and computer vision, have the potential to dramatically improve risk
    prediction, by quickly analyzing data in a manner not previously possible in a clinical setting, leading to more precise and targeted therapy. Models can
    be trained on a large volume of data, including factors commonly overlooked with traditional methods. Rather than having to analyze a spreadsheet to interpret the results, these models have the additional advantage of communicating with natural language to both professionals and patients. To achieve better outcomes for healthcare requires the use of deep learning models and convolutional neural networks and the use of random forest classifiers.

    This new vision also provides an opportunity for a symbiotic relationship between healthcare professionals and Artificial Intelligence/Machine learning models, leveraging the strengths of each.

    Other authors
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  • Social Determinants of Health Are Needed in COVID-19 Risk Assessments for the Workforce

    Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

    The pandemic has exposed the impact of SDOH for COVID-
    19 risk among the meat packing workforce. While the framework to
    assess the occupational and non-occupational risks of exposure to
    COVID-19 was developed for meat packing plant workers, the
    methodology can be used to calibrate risk for COVID-19 for a
    number of other vulnerable populations in industries with similar
    employee attributes, such as the agricultural or manufacturing
    workforce. This framework could also…

    The pandemic has exposed the impact of SDOH for COVID-
    19 risk among the meat packing workforce. While the framework to
    assess the occupational and non-occupational risks of exposure to
    COVID-19 was developed for meat packing plant workers, the
    methodology can be used to calibrate risk for COVID-19 for a
    number of other vulnerable populations in industries with similar
    employee attributes, such as the agricultural or manufacturing
    workforce. This framework could also provide important sociological
    insights about the average SDOH for a workforce and can
    achieve a more holistic assessment of COVID-19 risk. It is our
    recommendation that future COVID-19 risk assessment tools, especially
    those for workforces with higher-risk populations with complex
    needs, incorporate SDOH.

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  • Best practices in digital health literacy

    International Journal of Cardiology

    This article comments on best practices for building literacy skills: Emotional, behavioral and educational components
    • Key elements of literacy: knowledge, numeracy, navigation, communication, and decision making
    • Employee worksite is a key place to build health literacy.

    See publication

  • Risk Factors for Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation-Analysis of an Outpatient Database

    Journal of Atrial Fibrillation

    Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered in practice and is the leading cause of debilitating strokes with significant economic burden. It is currently not known whether asymptomatic undiagnosed AF should be treated if detected by various screening methods. Currently United States guidelines have no recommendations to identify patients with asymptomatic undiagnosed AF due to lack of evidence. The American Heart Association Center for Health Technology &…

    Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered in practice and is the leading cause of debilitating strokes with significant economic burden. It is currently not known whether asymptomatic undiagnosed AF should be treated if detected by various screening methods. Currently United States guidelines have no recommendations to identify patients with asymptomatic undiagnosed AF due to lack of evidence. The American Heart Association Center for Health Technology & Innovation undertook a plan to identify tools in 3 phases that may be useful in improving outcomes in patients with undiagnosed AF. In phase I we sought to identify AF risk factors that can be used to develop a risk score to identify high-risk patients using a large commercial insurance dataset. The principal findings of this study show that individuals at high risk for AF are those of advance age, the presence of heart failure, coronary artery disease, hypertension, metabolic disorders, and hyperlipidemia. Our analysis also found that chronic respiratory failure was a significant risk factor for those over 65 years of age and chronic kidney disease for those less than 65 years of age.

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  • Improving health literacy in patients with chronic conditions: A call to action

    International Journal of Cardiology

    Knowledge and education is foundational to an individual receiving care, and health literacy is the ability of patients to understand and act on health information. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes are complex conditions that require active participation on the part of the patient. Lack of understanding on the condition and participation in self-care behaviors limits the effectiveness of treatment. An effective model is needed to better understand how patients with cardiovascular disease and…

    Knowledge and education is foundational to an individual receiving care, and health literacy is the ability of patients to understand and act on health information. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes are complex conditions that require active participation on the part of the patient. Lack of understanding on the condition and participation in self-care behaviors limits the effectiveness of treatment. An effective model is needed to better understand how patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to manage their health. In working together, the authors have created multiple programs that have been delivered at medical offices and corporations, resulting in a model for building functional and critical health literacy skills.

    This model is a progression that begins with health literacy, including the knowledge and understanding of the condition. Functional literacy includes numeracy, which is the ability to understand and manipulate numbers,
    and navigation, which is an understanding of what to do with the information. Finally, critical health literacy includes communication skills, including knowing what questions to ask and what information to share, and decision making, which can include shared decision making. These five levels of health literacy form a progression in the ability of the patient to become an active participant in their care, and inform the healthcare provider on effective educational methods.

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  • The Art of Medical Leadership

    Book / Wheatmark

    Gain clarity, excitement and direction for your practice! The Art of Medical Leadership provides a wealth of information and action plans.

    By grasping these leadership distinctions you will be able to fully apply your previous experience and knowledge to lead through a deeper intuitive understanding of leadership. Chapters nine and ten are dedicated to your practice manager and your staff members. You can now provide them with written material that will support them in being on the same…

    Gain clarity, excitement and direction for your practice! The Art of Medical Leadership provides a wealth of information and action plans.

    By grasping these leadership distinctions you will be able to fully apply your previous experience and knowledge to lead through a deeper intuitive understanding of leadership. Chapters nine and ten are dedicated to your practice manager and your staff members. You can now provide them with written material that will support them in being on the same page as you.

    Other authors
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  • A Call for Physician Leadership at All Levels

    Physician Executive Leadership

    We are in the midst of a seismic shift from volumebased
    to value-based health care delivery. This shift is having
    significant ramifications across the industry. Strong
    physician leadership at all levels is required to drive change
    and position organizations for success.
    In a study conducted with members of the American
    College of Physician Executives in 2011 by The Leadership
    Development Group (TLD Group), several unique challenges
    facing physician leaders were…

    We are in the midst of a seismic shift from volumebased
    to value-based health care delivery. This shift is having
    significant ramifications across the industry. Strong
    physician leadership at all levels is required to drive change
    and position organizations for success.
    In a study conducted with members of the American
    College of Physician Executives in 2011 by The Leadership
    Development Group (TLD Group), several unique challenges
    facing physician leaders were revealed:
    • Identifying and communicating metrics to define
    physician "value“ to patients and health partners.
    • Understanding clinical systems thinking and applying
    the concepts to new models of care delivery.
    • Communicating effectively to engage physicians and
    other health care providers to work as a high-performance
    team.
    • Implementing patient-centered clinical integration.
    • Leading culture change rooted in trust between
    physicians and the health systems they support.

    Other authors
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  • Reinventing your primary care practice: becoming an MDCEO™

    Journal of Healthcare Leadership

    Primary care medicine in the United States is undergoing a revolutionary shift. Primary care providers and their staff have an extraordinary chance to create and participate in exciting new approaches to care. New strategies will require courage, flexibility, and openness to change by every member of the practice team, especially the lead clinician who is most often the physician, but can also be the nurse practitioner or physician’s assistant. Providers must first recognize their need to alter…

    Primary care medicine in the United States is undergoing a revolutionary shift. Primary care providers and their staff have an extraordinary chance to create and participate in exciting new approaches to care. New strategies will require courage, flexibility, and openness to change by every member of the practice team, especially the lead clinician who is most often the physician, but can also be the nurse practitioner or physician’s assistant. Providers must first recognize their need to alter their fundamental identity to incorporate a new kind of leadership role—that of the MDCEOTM (i.e., the individual clinician who leads the practice to ensure that quality, service, and financial systems are developed and effectively managed). This paper provides a practical vision and rationale for the required transition in primary care, pointing the way for how to achieve new practice effectiveness through new leadership roles. It also provides a model to evaluate the status of a primary care practice. The authors have extensive experience in working with primary care providers to radically evolve their clinical practices to become MDCEOsTM. The MDCEOTM will articulate the vision and strategy for the practice, define and foster the practice culture, and create and facilitate team development and overall high level functioning. Each member of the team can then begin to lead their part of the practice: a 21st century population-oriented, purpose-based practice resulting in increased quality of care, improved patient outcomes, greater financial success, and enhanced peace of mind

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  • The Game of Health: An innovative lifestyle change program implemented in a family practice

    Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners

    Purpose: The purpose of this clinical pilot project was to evaluate the effectiveness
    of a 12 week lifestyle change program targeted to patients with chronic
    disease.
    Data sources: Data were collected weekly from participants using individual
    and group feedback and body composition analysis.
    Conclusions: The Game of Health was well received by patients and was
    effective in modifying behaviors to achieve a healthier lifestyle and to improve
    body composition. Primary care…

    Purpose: The purpose of this clinical pilot project was to evaluate the effectiveness
    of a 12 week lifestyle change program targeted to patients with chronic
    disease.
    Data sources: Data were collected weekly from participants using individual
    and group feedback and body composition analysis.
    Conclusions: The Game of Health was well received by patients and was
    effective in modifying behaviors to achieve a healthier lifestyle and to improve
    body composition. Primary care providers need to consider how to make
    lifestyle change programs available to their patients to complement clinical
    interventions.

    Other authors
    See publication

  • Influence of age, gender, and race on the efficacy of adding ezetimibe to atorvastatin vs. atorvastatin up-titration in patients at moderately high or high risk for coronary heart disease

    International Journal of Cardiology

    Treatment efficacy in age, gender, and race subgroups did not substantially differ from the entire study population. Ezetimibe combined with atorvastatin generally produced greater incremental reductions in LDL cholesterol and several other key lipid parameters compared with doubling the atorvastatin dose in hypercholesterolemic patients with high or moderately high CHD risk. These results suggest that co-administration of ezetimibe with statins is a useful therapeutic option for treatment of…

    Treatment efficacy in age, gender, and race subgroups did not substantially differ from the entire study population. Ezetimibe combined with atorvastatin generally produced greater incremental reductions in LDL cholesterol and several other key lipid parameters compared with doubling the atorvastatin dose in hypercholesterolemic patients with high or moderately high CHD risk. These results suggest that co-administration of ezetimibe with statins is a useful therapeutic option for treatment of dyslipidemia in differing patient populations.

    See publication

Projects

  • Primary Care for Every American

    Building effective primary care is an investment in our communities. Like fire, police, waste management and roads it builds strong, healthy foundations of society.

    The commitment to bringing this to every member of a community is vital. We are going to figure this out.

  • Empowering Primary Care Physicians in Value Based Medicine

    Crossing the chasm from volume to value based system is a tremendous, yet vital challenge facing the US today. Doctors working over 50 hours/week and redesigning how one works is more than daunting. Working directly with corporations (those paying for care) and linking them to primary care docs in a three phase program I am committed to facilitating this transformation. Phase 1 - introductions, Phase 2 - operational excellence, Phase 3 - reimbursement transformation.

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Honors & Awards

  • Physician Recognition Award

    American Medical Association

  • Founding Member

    The Renaud Society

    Granted rights and privileges as a member of the international fraternity of medical professionals with an interest in better health, and a passion for wine, the Renaud Society promotes a healthy lifestyle through scholarship, investigation, and social contribution.

  • Leadership Award

    DFW Business Group on Health

    Award for leadership on the AIM For Excellence Project

  • Active Teacher in Family Medicine

    American Academy in Family Medicine

    Teacher of students and residents of family medicine

  • Resident Representative

    American Academy of Family Physicians

    Contributing to the goals of the Academy of Family Physicians

  • TAFP Resident Award

    Texas Academy of Family Practice

    Award Excellence in Clinical Research

  • Family Practice Residency Program Medical Student Scientific Exhibit Award

    American Academy of Family Physicians 39th Annual Scientific Assembly

    The Continuing Care Retirement Community: A Developing Opportunity for Family Medicine

  • Geriatric Fellowship For Medical Students

    NCOA/Travelers

    The fellowship was offered, under the joint aegis of the National Council on Aging (NCOA) and The Travelers Companies, to medical students who through individual projects increase their technical knowledge in geriatrics, and broaden their understanding of the physical, emotional, and social aspects of aging.

  • Medical Student Representative to the Panel of Drug Abuse

    American Medical Association

    Furthering the dials of the AMA as the student and resident representative for 1978 - 1985

Organizations

  • World Presidents Organization

    Member

    - Present

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