Paul Grewal

Palo Alto, California, United States Contact Info
11K followers 500+ connections

Join to view profile
SIC Fund I

Articles by Paul

See all articles

Contributions

Activity

Experience & Education

  • SIC Fund I

View Paul’s full experience

See their title, tenure and more.

or

By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s User Agreement, Privacy Policy, and Cookie Policy.

Licenses & Certifications

  • Series 63 Graphic

    Series 63

    FINRA

    Issued
  • Securities Industry Essentials (SIE) Graphic

    Securities Industry Essentials (SIE)

    FINRA

    Issued

Publications

  • Duration of CTL activation regulates IL-2 production required for autonomous clonal expansion

    European Journal of Immunology

    The extent and magnitude of CD8+ T lymphocyte (CTL) clonal expansion in vivo depends on the duration of stimulation provided during primary activation, whereas expansion under conventional in vitro conditions fails to reveal this. The molecular details of this differential programming are unclear. We developed a low-density culture system that recapitulates in vivo conditions and enables analysis of both proliferation and survival/apoptosis during primary expansion. We found that CTL given a…

    The extent and magnitude of CD8+ T lymphocyte (CTL) clonal expansion in vivo depends on the duration of stimulation provided during primary activation, whereas expansion under conventional in vitro conditions fails to reveal this. The molecular details of this differential programming are unclear. We developed a low-density culture system that recapitulates in vivo conditions and enables analysis of both proliferation and survival/apoptosis during primary expansion. We found that CTL given a prolonged stimulus produced more IL-2 and for a longer period than briefly activated CTL, and the IL-2 produced during the expansion phase was essential for cell proliferation and accumulation at low densities. CTL given a short stimulation and plated at low density followed the fate of briefly stimulated cells in vivo and underwent an abortive expansion and apoptosis, unless IL-2 was exogenously provided. Inhibition of apoptosis did not replace the requirement for IL-2 to drive clonal expansion. CTL primed for prolonged periods but in the absence of costimulation similarly behaved as though “partially programmed”, undergoing abortive expansion at low densities. These results indicate that the nature and duration of antigenic stimulation regulate the autonomy of CTL expansion via the production of autocrine IL-2.

    See publication

Recommendations received

16 people have recommended Paul

Join now to view

View Paul’s full profile

  • See who you know in common
  • Get introduced
  • Contact Paul directly
Join to view full profile

Other similar profiles

Explore collaborative articles

We’re unlocking community knowledge in a new way. Experts add insights directly into each article, started with the help of AI.

Explore More

Others named Paul Grewal in United States

28 others named Paul Grewal in United States are on LinkedIn

See others named Paul Grewal

Add new skills with these courses

See all courses