Daina Burnes

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Founder and CEO of Bold Metrics, Inc (BMI), headquartered in San Francisco, California…

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Experience & Education

  • Bold Metrics Inc

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Publications

  • Female Founders: Daina Burnes of ‘Bold Metrics’ On Why We Need More Women Founders, and The Five Things You Need To Thrive as A Founder

    Authority Magazine

    Asa part of our series about strong women leaders, I had the pleasure of interviewing Daina Burnes, Founder and CEO of Bold Metrics, Inc (BMI), the leading AI-driven retail fit technology company headquartered in San Francisco, California. Bold Metrics uses AI to empower apparel brands to reduce returns, boost conversions, and improve sustainability. A trailblazer in the field of AI and retail innovation, Daina brings more than a decade of experience in growing and developing technology…

    Asa part of our series about strong women leaders, I had the pleasure of interviewing Daina Burnes, Founder and CEO of Bold Metrics, Inc (BMI), the leading AI-driven retail fit technology company headquartered in San Francisco, California. Bold Metrics uses AI to empower apparel brands to reduce returns, boost conversions, and improve sustainability. A trailblazer in the field of AI and retail innovation, Daina brings more than a decade of experience in growing and developing technology companies focused on harnessing and processing data.

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  • Think Tank: An Ill-Fitted History That Data Technology Can Fix

    Womens Wear Daily

    Returns due to apparel sizing issues cost retailers billions each year. How did we get here?

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  • High-Throughput Screening of T Cell Cytotoxic Events by Biomass Profiling

    Biophysical Journal

    Adoptive immunotherapies against cancer, in which cytotoxic, CD8+ T cells engineered to express T cell receptors (TCRs) targeting cancer-associated antigens are transplanted into a patient, have shown dramatic promise in clinical trials. A major impediment to the widespread use of this technique for treatment of diverse cancers is the lack of a fast approach for the identification of TCRs from patient samples. In this talk, we present a method for high-throughput screening of T cell/target cell…

    Adoptive immunotherapies against cancer, in which cytotoxic, CD8+ T cells engineered to express T cell receptors (TCRs) targeting cancer-associated antigens are transplanted into a patient, have shown dramatic promise in clinical trials. A major impediment to the widespread use of this technique for treatment of diverse cancers is the lack of a fast approach for the identification of TCRs from patient samples. In this talk, we present a method for high-throughput screening of T cell/target cell interactions by measurements of cell biomass. This live cell approach is label-free and allows cells to be recovered for downstream analysis. To ensure specificity, three parameters are tracked: target cell appearance, target cell mass loss during cell death, and T cell mass during and after the cytotoxic event (Figure panels a-c). Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the kinetics of T cell mass increase during activation. Finally, we will present an extension of this method to a microfabricated microwell format for the screening of patient samples and discovery of novel TCRs.

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  • Quantifying biomass changes of single CD8+ T cells during antigen specific cytotoxicity

    PLoS One

    Existing approaches that quantify cytotoxic T cell responses rely on bulk or surrogate measurements which impede the direct identification of single activated T cells of interest. Single cell microscopy or flow cytometry methodologies typically rely on fluorescent labeling, which limits applicability to primary cells such as human derived T lymphocytes. Here, we introduce a quantitative method to track single T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxic events within a mixed population of cells using live…

    Existing approaches that quantify cytotoxic T cell responses rely on bulk or surrogate measurements which impede the direct identification of single activated T cells of interest. Single cell microscopy or flow cytometry methodologies typically rely on fluorescent labeling, which limits applicability to primary cells such as human derived T lymphocytes. Here, we introduce a quantitative method to track single T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxic events within a mixed population of cells using live cell interferometry (LCI), a label-free microscopy technique that maintains cell viability. LCI quantifies the mass distribution within individual cells by measuring the phase shift caused by the interaction of light with intracellular biomass. Using LCI, we imaged cytotoxic T cells killing cognate target cells. In addition to a characteristic target cell mass decrease of 20–60% over 1–4 h following attack by a T cell, there was a significant 4-fold increase in T cell mass accumulation rate at the start of the cytotoxic event and a 2–3 fold increase in T cell mass relative to the mass of unresponsive T cells. Direct, label-free measurement of CD8+ T and target cell mass changes provides a kinetic, quantitative assessment of T cell activation and a relatively rapid approach to identify specific, activated patient-derived T cells for applications in cancer immunotherapy.

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  • Purification and direct transformation of epithelial progenitor cells from primary human prostate.

    Nature Protocols

    Epithelial cell transformation has been demonstrated in numerous animal models for the study of solid tumor biology. However, little evidence exists for human epithelial cell transformation without previous immortalization via genetic influences such as SV40 T-antigen, thus limiting our knowledge of the events that can transform naive human epithelium. Here we describe a system developed in our laboratory to directly transform freshly isolated primary human prostate epithelial cells without…

    Epithelial cell transformation has been demonstrated in numerous animal models for the study of solid tumor biology. However, little evidence exists for human epithelial cell transformation without previous immortalization via genetic influences such as SV40 T-antigen, thus limiting our knowledge of the events that can transform naive human epithelium. Here we describe a system developed in our laboratory to directly transform freshly isolated primary human prostate epithelial cells without previous culture or immortalization. Prostate tissue is obtained from patients and benign tissue is separated from malignant tissue. Benign and malignant tissues are mechanically and enzymatically dissociated to single cells overnight, and immune cells and epithelial subsets are isolated on the basis of differential expression of surface antigens. Epithelial progenitor cells are transduced with lentiviruses expressing oncogenes and combined with inductive stroma for in vivo studies. At 8–16 weeks after transplantation into immune-deficient mice, the development of lesions, histologically classified as benign prostate, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma, can be evaluated.

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  • Imaging of Optic Nerve Head Drusen: Improvements With Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

    Journal of Glaucoma

    Objective: To demonstrate a new algorithm that can determine the shape, location, and volume of optic nerve head drusen (ONHD), which were imaged with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT).

    Methods: One exenteration patient and 4 glaucoma patients with bilateral ONHD were recruited from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and from a private practice office. Images were obtained using an experimental SDOCT system developed at the Wellman Center for Photomedicine…

    Objective: To demonstrate a new algorithm that can determine the shape, location, and volume of optic nerve head drusen (ONHD), which were imaged with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT).

    Methods: One exenteration patient and 4 glaucoma patients with bilateral ONHD were recruited from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and from a private practice office. Images were obtained using an experimental SDOCT system developed at the Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. With axial resolutions of about 6 μm, SDOCT can obtain 2-dimensional images in 1/29 of a second, compared with commercially available time domain OCT instruments with 10 μm resolution images in 1.28 seconds. The volumes of ONHD were calculated with a new algorithm and were then correlated with visual field mean deviation.

    Results: SDOCT can display 2-dimensional images comparable with histology and 3-dimensional videos of ONHD. ONHD are signal-poor regions with high-signaled borders. Larger ONHD volumes are directly correlated with larger mean deviation absolute values on Humphrey visual field testing.

    Conclusions: SDOCT is a potentially better technique for ONHD imaging and may improve the diagnosis and management of patients with both OHND and glaucoma.

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  • Three-dimensional pointwise comparison of human retinal optical property at 845 and 1060 nm using optical frequency domain imaging

    Journal of Biomedical Optics

    To compare the optical properties of the human retina, 3-D volumetric images of the same eye are acquired with two nearly identical optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems at center wavelengths of 845 and 1060 nm using optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI). To characterize the contrast of individual tissue layers in the retina at these two wavelengths, the 3-D volumetric data sets are carefully spatially matched. The relative scattering intensities from different layers such as the nerve…

    To compare the optical properties of the human retina, 3-D volumetric images of the same eye are acquired with two nearly identical optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems at center wavelengths of 845 and 1060 nm using optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI). To characterize the contrast of individual tissue layers in the retina at these two wavelengths, the 3-D volumetric data sets are carefully spatially matched. The relative scattering intensities from different layers such as the nerve fiber, photoreceptor, pigment epithelium, and choroid are measured and a quantitative comparison is presented. OCT retinal imaging at 1060 nm is found to have a significantly better depth penetration but a reduced contrast between the retinal nerve fiber, the ganglion cell, and the inner plexiform layers compared to the OCT retinal imaging at 845 nm.

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  • In vivo three-dimensional imaging of neovascular age-related macular degeneration using optical frequency domain imaging at 1050 nm.

    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

    PURPOSE: To assess the application of optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) at 1050 nm for the detection of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and its response to treatment. Three patients presenting with blurred vision and exudative AMD were imaged before and after anti-VEGF treatment with ranibizumab.

    METHODS: The patients were imaged with OFDI, a swept-source-based, high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) system developed at the…

    PURPOSE: To assess the application of optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) at 1050 nm for the detection of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and its response to treatment. Three patients presenting with blurred vision and exudative AMD were imaged before and after anti-VEGF treatment with ranibizumab.

    METHODS: The patients were imaged with OFDI, a swept-source-based, high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) system developed at the Wellman Center for Photomedicine. A center wavelength of 1050 nm was used that has been demonstrated to provide better imaging of the deeper structures of the retina below the RPE, such as the choroidal vasculature. Three-dimensional data sets were acquired in 2 to 4 seconds.

    RESULTS: En face images were compiled from cross-sectional OFDI data and correlated with color fundus photography (CF) and fluorescein angiograms (FAs). Cross-sectional images were coregistered with CF and FA to obtain depth-resolved information about CNV, CNV volume, retinal thickness, subretinal fluid volume and height of neurosensory detachment before and after treatment with ranibizumab. A band of reduced reflectivity below the RPE was identified in all three subjects that corresponded to areas of confirmed and suspected occult CNV on FA. After treatment, this band was reduced in volume in all patients.

    CONCLUSIONS: High-speed 3-D OFDI at 1050 nm is a promising technology for imaging the retina and choroid in neovascular AMD. The developed system at 1050 nm provides good contrast for occult (type 1) CNV and may have advantages compared with time domain and current state of the art spectral domain OCT systems (SD-OCT) at 850 nm.

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  • Doppler optical coherence tomography with a micro-electro-mechanical membrane mirror for high-speed dynamic focus tracking

    Optics Letters

    An elliptical microelectromechanical system (MEMS) membrane mirror is electrostatically actuated to dynamically adjust the optical beam focus and track the axial scanning of the coherence gate in a Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) system at 8 kHz. The MEMS mirror is designed to maintain a constant numerical aperture of approximately 0.13 and a spot size of approximately 6.7 microm over an imaging depth of 1mm in water, which improves imaging performance in resolving microspheres in…

    An elliptical microelectromechanical system (MEMS) membrane mirror is electrostatically actuated to dynamically adjust the optical beam focus and track the axial scanning of the coherence gate in a Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) system at 8 kHz. The MEMS mirror is designed to maintain a constant numerical aperture of approximately 0.13 and a spot size of approximately 6.7 microm over an imaging depth of 1mm in water, which improves imaging performance in resolving microspheres in gel samples and Doppler shift estimation precision in a flow phantom. The mirror's small size (1.4 mm x 1 mm) will allow integration with endoscopic MEMS-DOCT for in vivo applications.

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Patents

  • Identifying desirable t lymphocytes by change in mass responses

    Issued US CA2912842 A1

    In certain embodiments methods of identifying T cell receptors that respond to specific target cell antigens are provided, where the methods comprise providing a substrate bearing a plurality of target cells (e.g., mammalian cells); contacting the target cells on the substrate with CD8+ T cells; and using label-free optical imaging to identify an increase in mass of a T-cell and/or a decrease in mass of a target cell, where an increase in mass of a T cell and/or a decrease in mass of a target…

    In certain embodiments methods of identifying T cell receptors that respond to specific target cell antigens are provided, where the methods comprise providing a substrate bearing a plurality of target cells (e.g., mammalian cells); contacting the target cells on the substrate with CD8+ T cells; and using label-free optical imaging to identify an increase in mass of a T-cell and/or a decrease in mass of a target cell, where an increase in mass of a T cell and/or a decrease in mass of a target cell is an indicator that said T cell bears a T cell receptor activated by antigens presented on said target cell.

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Honors & Awards

  • Female Entrepreneur of the Year – Business Products

    Stevie Awards

    The Stevie® Awards for Women in Business are the world's premier business awards for female entrepreneurs, executives, employees and the organizations they run.

  • Joint Center for Translation Medicine Grant

    California Institute of Technology

  • National Science and Engineering Council of Canada Post Graduate Scholarship (D)

    NSERC Canada

  • Dr. Ursula Mandel Scholarship

    UCLA

  • National Science and Engineering Council of Canada Post Graduate Scholarship (M)

    NSERC Canada

  • Best Research Presentation Award, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard Cancer Center Ovarian Cancer Symposium

    Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  • Ontario Graduate Scholarship

    Ontario, Canada

  • Harold E. Johnson Award in Medical Biophysics

    Ontario Cancer Institute

  • Academic Undergraduate Student Research Award

    NSERC Canada

  • Industrial Undergraduate Student Research Award

    NSERC Canada

  • Ontario Academic Scholar Award

    Ontario, Canada

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