![Two men in black suits shaking hands and looking toward the bottom right of the frame.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/BW_Paul-Alivisatos_XBD-202212-221-010.jpg)
- Chemistry
- 2014
Key contributions: Nanocrystals
![Two people standing next to each other in suits.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/XBD-202212-221-009.jpg)
- Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences
- 2012
Key contributions: Research integral to modern engine design; research integral to understanding blood flow
![Two men in black suits looking forward.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/BW_John-Prausnitz_XBD-202212-221-008.jpg)
- Engineering Sciences
- 2003
Key contributions: Development of molecular thermodynamic models
![Two men in black suits. The person on the right is preparing to place a medal on the other person.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/BW_Gabor-Somorjai_XBD-202212-221-007.jpg)
- Chemistry
- 2001
Key contributions: Sum frequency generation spectroscopy
![Two men in black suits. The person on the right is preparing to place a medal on the other person.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/BW_Marvin-Cohen_XBD-202212-221-006.jpg)
- Physical Sciences
- 2001
Key contributions: Research on pseudopotentials
![Two men in black suits standing toward each other.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/BW_Bruce-Ames_XBD-202212-221-005.jpg)
- Biological Sciences
- 1998
Key contributions: The Ames test
![Two people in black suits. The person on the right is preparing to place a medal on the other person.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/BW_Harold-Johnston_XBD-202212-221-004.jpg)
- Chemistry
- 1997
Key contributions: Research on causes of smog; proposed that aircraft exhaust was responsible for ozone deterioration
![Two people in black suits. The person on the right is preparing to place a medal on the other person.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/BW_Darlene-Hoffman_XBD-202212-221-003.jpg)
- Chemistry
- 1997
Key contributions: Discovered the element Seaborgium
![Two people in dark suits. The person on the right is presenting a medal to the other person.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/BW_Glenn-Seaborg_XBD-202212-221-002.jpg)
- Chemistry
- 1991
Key contributions: Worked on the Manhattan Project; discovered 10 elements
![Short-haired person with glasses in a black suit next to lab equipment.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Nobel-Prize_Edwin-M.-McMillan_XBD202004-00086_304-e1657058112731.jpg)
- Physical Sciences
- 1990
Key contributions: Scientific achievements including the identification of the first transuranic element (neptunium) and the invention of the phase stability principle incorporated in the synchrotron
![Two people in dark suits. The person on the left is presenting a medal to the other person.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/BW_Melvin-Calvin_XBD201610-00293.jpg)
- Chemistry
- 1989
Key contributions: light-independent reactions in plants; discovered the Calvin cycle
![Two people in dark suits. The person on the right is presenting a medal to the other person.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/BW_Yuan-Lee_XBD9607-03317.jpg)
- Chemistry
- 1986
Key contributions: quantitative bridge between the laws of mechanics and complex macroscopic phenomena
![President Ronald Reagan (right) presents the National Medal of Science to George Pimentel (left) at the White House.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/National-Medal_George-Pimentel_XBD201704-00056-019-1.jpg)
- Chemistry
- 1983
Key contributions: inventor of the chemical laser
![Two people in dark suits. The person on the right is presenting a medal to the other person.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/BW_Kenneth-Pitzer_XBD-202212-221-001.jpg)
- Physical Sciences
- 1974
Key contributions: thermodynamic properties of molecules
![Two people in dark suits. The person on the right is presenting a medal to the other person.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/BW_Luis-Alvarez_XBD201004-00328-e1671223911433.jpg)
- Physical Sciences
- 1963
Key contributions: theoretical physics; the bubble chamber; revolutionized the study of charged particles; the Manhattan Project
![Two people in dark suits and ties shaking hands. The individual on the left is wearing a National Medal of Technology and Innovation.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Gadgil-NMTI-with-Biden_05731-330x330.jpg)
- Engineering Sciences
- 2023
Key contributions: providing life-sustaining resources to communities around the world, including innovative and inexpensive technologies that help meet profound needs such as drinking water and fuel efficient cookstoves.
![Two men in black suits looking forward. The person on the left is wearing a medal.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/BW_Art-Rosenfeld-_XBD201302-01944.jpg)
- Environment
- 2011
Key contributions: energy-efficient building technologies and policies; the Rosenfeld Effect, in which total per capita electricity use has stayed relatively flat in California since the 1970s due to energy efficiency measures while it has risen sharply in the United States.