Fundamentals of Noise and Vibration Frank Fahy, John Walker Fundamentals of Noise and Vibration is based on the first semester of the postgraduate Masters' course in Sound and Vibration Studies at the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, at the University of Southampton. The main objective of the course is to provide students with the skills and knowledge required to practise in the field of noise and vibration control technology. Readers do not need prior formal training in acoustics although a basic understanding of mechanics, fluid dynamics and applied mathematics is required. Many of the chapters use examples of models and forms of analysis to illustrate the principles that they introduce. By pointing toward the practical application of these fundamental principles and methods, the book will benefit those wishing to extend their knowledge and understanding of acoustic and vibration technology for professional purposes. Advanced Applications in Acoustucs, Noise and Vibration serves as a companion volume. |
Contents
An introduction to acoustics | 1 |
12 THE DECIBEL SCALE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SOUND PRESSURE | 5 |
13 PROPERTIES OF ACOUSTIC DISTURBANCES | 6 |
14 THE ONEDIMENSIONAL WAVE EQUATION | 10 |
15 SOLUTIONS OF THE ONEDIMENS1ONAL WAVE EQUATION | 12 |
16 LINEARITY AND THE SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE | 14 |
17 SPECIFIC ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE | 16 |
18 ACOUSTIC ENERGY DENSITY AND INTENSITY | 17 |
Fundamentals of human responses to vibration | 179 |
42 MEASUREMENT OF VIBRATION | 180 |
43 WHOLEBODY VIBRATION | 182 |
44 MOTION SICKNESS | 204 |
45 HANDTRANSMITTED VIBRATION | 206 |
46 REFERENCES | 220 |
Fundamentals of noise and vibration control | 225 |
NOISE CONTROL TARGETS | 226 |
19 STANDING WAVES | 20 |
110 THE THREEDIMENSIONAL WAVE EQUATION | 22 |
111 SOLUTIONS OF THE THREEDIMENSIONAL WAVE EQUATION | 24 |
112 POINT SOURCES OF SPHERICAL RADIATION | 26 |
113 ACOUSTIC POWER OUTPUT | 28 |
114 ENCLOSED SOUND FIELDS AT LOW FREQUENCIES | 30 |
115 ENCLOSED SOUND FIELDS AT HIGH FREQUENCIES | 32 |
116 THE ENERGY BALANCE EQUATION FOR AN ENCLOSURE | 35 |
117 THE POINT DIPOLE SOURCE | 39 |
118 POINT QUADRUPOLE SOURCES | 43 |
119 MULTIPOLE ANALYSIS | 47 |
120 THE INHOMOGENEOUS WAVE EQUATION | 48 |
121 THE GREEN FUNCTION AND THE PRINCIPLE OF RECIPROCITY | 50 |
122 THE SOLUTION OF THE INHOMOGENEOUS WAVE EQUATION | 53 |
123 THE SOLUTION OF THE INHOMOGENEOUS WAVE EQUATION IN AN UNBOUNDED MEDIUM | 54 |
124 THE KIRCHHOFFHELMHOLTZ INTEGRAL EQUATION | 56 |
125 REFERENCES | 57 |
126 QUEST1ONS | 58 |
Fundamentals of vibration | 61 |
22 SIMPLE FREELY VIBRATING SPRINGMASS SYSTEM | 62 |
23 VISCOUSLY DAMPED SINGLE DEGREEOFFREEDOM SYSTEM WITH HARMONIC FORCE EXCITATION | 73 |
24 HYSTERETICALLY DAMPED SINGLE DEGREEOFFREEDOM SYSTEM WITH HARMONIC FORCE EXCITATION | 82 |
25 TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF SINGLE DEGREEOFFREEDOM SYSTEM WITH VISCOUS DAMPING | 86 |
26 TWO DEGREEOFFREEDOM SYSTEM WITH VISCOUS DAMPING | 95 |
27 VIBRATION ABSORBER NEUTRALIZER | 105 |
28 LAGRANGE EQUATIONS | 109 |
29 QUESTIONS | 112 |
Fundamentals of human response to sound | 115 |
32 NOISE EFFECTS | 118 |
33 AUDITORY ANATOMY | 138 |
34 AUDITORY RESPONSE | 145 |
35 MEASUREMENT OF SOUND | 156 |
36 COMMUNITY NOISE | 169 |
37 CONCLUSIONS | 176 |
53 SOUND SOURCES | 232 |
54 NOISE SOURCE QUANTIFICATION | 248 |
55 PRINCIPLES OF PASSIVE NOISE CONTROL | 256 |
MECHANISMS MATERIALS CONSTRUCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS | 263 |
57 TRANSMISSION OF AIRBORNE SOUND THROUGH PARTITIONS | 276 |
58 NOISE BARRIERS SCREENS | 296 |
59 GENERAL VIBRATION CONTROL STRATEGIES | 298 |
510 VIBRATION CONTROL FOR NOISE REDUCTION | 299 |
511 REFERENCES | 307 |
512 QUESTIONS | 308 |
Fundamentals of signal processing | 311 |
62 FOURIER ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS | 313 |
63 SOME RESULTS IN SIGNAL AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS | 317 |
64 THE EFFECTS OF SAMPLING | 325 |
65 RANDOM PROCESSES | 334 |
67 RANDOM PROCESSES AND ESTIMATION | 357 |
68 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 368 |
610 QUESTIONS | 370 |
Fundamentals of underwater acoustics | 373 |
72 OCEAN ACOUSTICS | 375 |
73 NONLINEAR UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS | 417 |
74 THE EFFECTS OF BIOMEDICAL ULTRASOUND | 429 |
75 REFERENCES | 438 |
76 QUESTIONS | 441 |
Fundamental principles of measurement and analysis techniques | 445 |
82 IDEAL TRANSFER FUNCTIONS | 446 |
83 INTERACTION BETWEEN THE EXCITATION MECHANICAL SYSTEM AND SENSORS | 455 |
84 FREQUENCY LIMITATIONS DUE TO MECHANICAL AND SIGNAL PROCESSING | 476 |
85 PRACTICAL DETAILS | 491 |
86 REFERENCES | 493 |
| 494 | |
Lists of symbols | 497 |
| 509 | |
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Common terms and phrases
A-weighted absorption acceleration acoustic impedance acoustic pressure amplitude analysis attenuation auditory system average bandwidth basilar membrane bubble bulk modulus coefficient complex pressure components damping defined density depth direction duration effects energy entrainment estimate example excitation exposure F₁ Figure fluid force Fourier transform Frequency Hz frequency weighting given Griffin harmonic hysteretic impulse increase input intensity LAeq linear magnitude mass measurement mechanical modulus motion natural frequency noise control noise levels noise source nonlinear normal output particle velocity partition phase piston plane waves pressure fluctuation propagation radiation random variable range ratio reduced resonance sample seat shown in Fig signal SOFAR channel sound field sound level sound power sound power level sound pressure sound pressure level sound speed spectral spectrum Standard surface temperature test piece transducer transfer function transmission ultrasound vector voltage volume wave equation wavelength whole-body vibration zero
