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Breaking Through: My Life in Science

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A story of perseverance and the power of convictions from the groundbreaking immigrant scientist whose decades-long research led to the COVID-19 vaccines, hailed as “an inspiration” by Bill Gates

Katalin Karikó had an unlikely journey. The daughter of a butcher in postwar communist Hungary, Karikó grew up in a one-room home that lacked running water, and her family grew their own vegetables. She saw the wonders of nature all around her and was determined to become a scientist. That determination eventually brought her to the United States, where she arrived as a postdoctoral fellow in 1985 with $1,200 sewn into her toddler’s teddy bear and a dream to remake medicine. 

Karikó worked in obscurity, battled cockroaches in a windowless lab, and faced outright derision and even deportation threats from her bosses and colleagues. She balked as prestigious research institutions increasingly conflated science and money. Despite setbacks, she never wavered in her belief that an ephemeral and underappreciated molecule called messenger RNA could change the world. Karikó believed that someday mRNA would transform ordinary cells into tiny factories capable of producing their own medicines on demand. She sacrificed nearly everything for this dream, but the obstacles she faced only motivated her, and eventually she succeeded.

Karikó’s three-decades-long investigation into mRNA would lead to a staggering vaccines that protected millions of people from the most dire consequences of COVID-19. These vaccines are just the beginning of mRNA’s potential. Today, the medical community eagerly awaits more mRNA vaccines—for the flu, HIV, and other emerging infectious diseases.

Breaking Through isn’t just the story of an extraordinary woman—it’s an indictment of closed-minded thinking and a testament to one woman’s commitment to laboring intensely in obscurity—knowing she might never be recognized in a culture that is more driven by prestige, power, and privilege—because she believed her work would save lives.

336 pages, Hardcover

First published October 10, 2023

About the author

Katalin Karikó

2 books46 followers
Katalin Karikó, PhD, is a Hungarian American biochemist who specializes in RNA-mediated mechanisms. She is an adjunct professor of neurosurgery at the University of Pennsylvania, and her research was foundational in the development of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna mRNA vaccines. She is the 2023 co-winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 214 reviews
Profile Image for Daina Chakma.
416 reviews703 followers
November 23, 2023
Breaking Through: My Life in Science is the remarkable life story of Dr. Katalin Karikó, a Hungarian-American scientist who saved the world from the COVID-19 pandemic with her groundbreaking research on mRNA vaccines.

Dr. Karikó’s life story is a testament to the power of curiosity, courage, and persistence. She was born into a humble family in Hungary, where she lived in a cramped room with her sister and parents and had no running water. She was a frail child. She did not have the natural talent that her peers possessed, but she compensated for it with hard work and perseverance. After completing her PhD, she left her homeland in 1985 to follow her scientific aspirations in the US with her husband, toddler, and just £900 hidden in a teddy bear.

When she started mRNA synthesis research, no one believed her. She had no resources, nor did she have any notable publications and citations. She worked alone on her research. She had no research assistant, PhD candidate, or post-doc. She earned barely any salary. The University of Pennsylvania stripped her of her position. Once, she even had her personal belongings thrown out of the lab. But she persisted. She believed in mRNA technology and its therapeutic potential. She kept reading, learning, and experimenting with mRNA. She met her collaborator Dr. Drew Weissman at the Xerox machine while printing articles and told him that she could make any RNA. Together, they made a breakthrough discovery that enabled mRNA to elicit a strong immune response without causing inflammation. Yet, when they submitted their paper to Nature, the holy grail of academic publishing, their paper was rejected! Later, they published their findings in the prestigious journal Immunity in 2005, but it took another 15 years and a global pandemic for the world to appreciate the value of their work, which eventually paved the way for Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna’s successful vaccine development.

You might still wonder how the COVID-19 vaccine was developed so swiftly. Let me explain. Dr. Katalin dedicated over four decades to advancing mRNA technology, which stimulates an immune response. Without her groundbreaking research, the mRNA vaccine wouldn't exist. And this is just the beginning of mRNA’s possibilities. Dr. Karikó’s vision and dedication have not only saved millions of lives, but also opened up new possibilities for treating other diseases with mRNA, such as cancer, stroke, heart disease, and cystic fibrosis. Dr. Karikó is a true hero of science and humanity, who has revolutionized the field of modern medicine!

As I was reading this book, I was overwhelmed with emotions. The world was unjust and unkind to Katalin for the longest time and it made me so frustrated and angry. But I also felt inspired by her resilience. She overcame many challenges, such as discrimination, sexism, and cancer. She finally received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for her work that spanned decades, and my heart is bursting with joy! :')
Profile Image for Ali.
291 reviews
April 28, 2024
What a wonder woman! Breaking Through is a riveting memoir of Kariko’s lifelong hardships and hard work making her a Nobel Laureate in parts not so different from the journey of many other immigrants and scientists. Where the writing seems a bit off her inspiring story of grit and resilience keeps you going. Great read from a remarkable role model.

“I don’t consider myself especially smart. Over the years, I have met many people born with what seemed to be a photographic memory, a gift for learning effortlessly. One of my elementary school classmates could hear something once and remember it forever. That wasn’t me; it has never been me. But even as a young child, I understood something critical: What I lacked in natural ability, I could make up for in effort. I could work harder, put in more hours, do more, and do it with greater care.”

“Then I’d lean in and I’d hug Susan, and I’d tell her everything I once longed to hear: Can I kiss where it hurts? Can I give you a hug? Here, my love, let me comfort you now, let me give you everything I didn’t get when I felt bad. Sometimes, I think, that is the best we can do: to learn from the world we’ve been handed and then try to leave things a little bit better for the next generation.”
Profile Image for Sherif Gerges.
160 reviews20 followers
October 23, 2023
Breaking Through is an excellently written and structured memoire by Nobel Prize winner Katalin Karikó, who by now has received unparalleled media coverage for her discovery of non-immunogenic delivery of mRNA vaccines and her role in finding a vaccine for COVID-19. The book was surprisingly light on technical details, and more of a story of her upbringing and raising her daughter during her time as a bench scientist.

A couple of things stood out to me in this book. First, Kariko has (unsurprisingly), a near infectious enthusiasm for science. A lot of scientists tend to be overly obsessed with the prestige and status associated with big-name publications, grants and honorific titles, but Kariko makes it clear this isn’t her primary interest. Secondly, for someone who has never written a book before, this is a highly digestible book. Whenever science was discussed, namely the fundamentals of human immunology, I was pleasantly surprised by how well Kariko explained the technical details so that the average layman can understand. I think non-immunologists and even folks with zero training in biology would find the material quite easy to understand.

Finally, I loved the narrative structure of Kariko’s life in the later chapters, where she ping-pongs between the challenges her daughter faced in becoming an olympian, as well as her own challenges of getting an increasingly frustrated department to support her research. Kariko comes across as earnest when it comes to handing down advice to young scientists. Read often, read widely - this will always motivate you to do better science.
Profile Image for Cherisa B.
588 reviews55 followers
May 14, 2024
A great memoir of dedication, zeal, vocation and vindication, gratitude. Karikó is a new personal hero for me, epitomizing the successful immigrant story, overcoming sexism in a male-dominated field, and contributing to human knowledge and social wellbeing.

Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology 2023
Profile Image for Jennifer Mangler.
1,511 reviews23 followers
May 7, 2024
Karikó's story is fascinating and I thoroughly enjoyed reading about her life. I didn't think it was possible, but I admire her more now than I did before. I absolutely love and am inspired by her curiosity and tenacity.
Profile Image for Sara Mesquita.
25 reviews5 followers
February 16, 2024
As a biochemist myself, who felt uninspired during all my bench years (not many), I wish I could have had such a role model to follow. I wish this book had existed at the time. This book has it all: it explains the devotion you need to have for fundamental science, how strong and confident you need to be about yourself and your ideas, the vicious cycles in academia, but also the beauty of enjoying the process of answering your own questions. My highlight goes to Katalin Karikó's self-description as possessing an: 'unconsumable, uncontrollable curiosity.' I'm certain that I'll gift this book several times during my life.
Profile Image for Natalie Park.
913 reviews
October 28, 2023
4.5 stars. Such a wonderful telling of a life - immigrant, scientist and Nobel Prize winner! She includes her triumphs and the many obstacles and mistakes made along the way. She also contemplates the what ifs and the many forks in life that could have changed her path. Truly inspiring.
Profile Image for Yuliya Yurchuk.
Author 7 books64 followers
June 16, 2024
Каталін Каріко отримала Нобелівську премію у 2023 за свій вклад у розвиток вакцини проти коронавірусу. У книжці вона щиро ділиться своїм нелегким шляхом у науку. Я місцями не стримувала сліз, як жінка з соцблоку, яка втікала від диктаторського режиму з Угорщини і будувала свою наукову карʼєру на заході.
Profile Image for Allison.
103 reviews
October 3, 2023
Katalin Kariko's inspiring memoir is an absolute must read. Dr. Kariko was born to a working class family in a small village in Hungary during Communist rule. Through hard work and perseverance, Dr. Kariko completes her PhD and moves to the US to continue her studies of mRNA. Throughout most of her career, her brilliant work went unappreciated. It was not until the COVID pandemic, when her discovery of how to modify RNA was the basis for both the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, that her ingenious work was finally appreciated.

I loved so many things about this book.

Above and beyond the science of RNA that she explains with elegance, I really enjoyed learning about her family. She met her husband while in graduate school. Together they came to the US with limited connections and raised a daughter who won two Olympic Gold Medals on the US rowing team. Many women in science worry that having children will hinder their careers. Dr. Kariko sets a great example of what is possible.

Dr. Kariko's perseverance and love of basic science inspired me so much. Academic research is a very challenging system, especially for those who do not fit a traditional mold. I really hope that Dr. Kariko's experience will lead to changes that enable scientists from non-traditional backgrounds to be better supported. I also really hope that Dr. Kariko wins the Nobel Prize for her impactful work. Update: she won!!!

Thank you to Crown Publishing and NetGalley for an advanced reader copy of this book in exchange for an honest review.
Profile Image for milla:).
22 reviews
May 13, 2024
absolutely recommend!! especially for those who are considering pursuing a science-related career and/or might be stuck due to self-doubt, her story will make you drop your jaw and realize it is hard work and discipline that takes you through.

i’ve listened to so many interviews with Katalin Karikó and her humbleness and modesty made me teary-eyed so many times because it’s such a relief that people like her still exist. undoubtedly, Katalin Karikó is one of the greatest people of our time, professionally and personally as well.
Profile Image for Lorenz Adlung.
152 reviews8 followers
November 3, 2023
Very inspirational, highly recommended for people in science to see that they are not alone. Also recommended for partners of scientists who want to understand the bright side and the dark side of scientific research.
Profile Image for Grace Lynch.
5 reviews1 follower
January 5, 2024
I cannot rate this book highly enough! I devoured every word of this incredibly honest, touching, and inspiring autobiography. It is so refreshing to read about a woman in science who genuinely has impeccable morals and values, and to see her succeed in such a triumphant manner. I laughed, cried, and was glued to the pages of this memoir for hours - putting aside all my other responsibilities. Her words resonated with me on a cosmic level and left me feeling fulfilled in a way I haven't experienced before upon finishing the last chapter of her book.
I grew up in the suburbs of Philadelphia, so I loved to see how the city impacted Kariko and compare her experiences with that of my own. It is fascinating to realize that a lot of her achievements were made just miles away from where I lived every day of my childhood. Her encounters with boathouse row, a place I used to frequently bike past on weekends in the summer, made me wonder if our paths had ever coincidentally crossed and I had never known it.
Additionally, I just finished an internship working at a company that utilizes her research to use LNPs to deliver mRNA to the body to fight cancer. Kariko's hard work and dedicated research paved the way for that company to exist, which was incredible to realize.
Overall, I couldn't recommend this book more highly to anyone, scientist or not. Kariko's story left an indelible mark upon me (similar in impact that The Stress of Life had on her, which she references so often throughout her story). I am incredibly inspired and encouraged to pursue a life in science after having read this. Her writing and tonality was exquisite (which I found insanely impressive, english being her second language) and I had constant chills while reading. 100/10.
Profile Image for Katie Anne Aman.
64 reviews22 followers
November 6, 2023
Everyone should read this book! It’s incredible and what’s more incredible is the three decades of research Dr. Kariko did on mRNA.
Profile Image for McKenna.
348 reviews3 followers
May 7, 2024
Science nerds, add it to your list
Profile Image for Sherrie.
576 reviews2 followers
August 23, 2023
***I won this book in a Goodreads Giveaway***

This was a breath of fresh air. Katalin Kariko is a Hungarian immigrant to the United States. She's also a PhD level biochemist and one of the key reasons we have mRNA vaccines. She tells her life story humbly with a sense of awe for the people she loves, the sciences she obsesses over, and opportunities she's both had and has been able to create for others.

Her life has been tough. She grew up in Communism and her family faced hard choices to stay fed. She dealt with sexism and discrimination starting at an early age. She worked in obscurity for the majority of her career, often missing out on promotions and opportunities because she simply didn't understand the political game that academics have to play.

Since acquiring acclaim as a leader of the team that brought us mRNA vaccines for Covid-19, she is using her spotlight to shine on the challenges that women in STEM face as well as ways science can be better structured to ensure breakthroughs are noticed.

She's a gem and her life has gone beyond the American dream to something even more magical. She seems like a humble, kind, and passionate woman and I thoroughly enjoyed reading her story.
Profile Image for briz.
Author 6 books73 followers
April 22, 2024
I read this in two sittings - including one 3-hour sit while my arm was tattooed and very loud Latin pop blared. The music was often in sync with the story's emotional beats!

So this is a memoir by Katalin Kariko, a Hungarian biochemist who won the Nobel for Medicine/Physiology in 2023 for her work on the mRNA Covid vaccine. I had read one other article about Kariko, basically exclaiming how incredible her win was, given that she spent almost her entire academic career languishing as a poorly-paid, non-tenured, postdoc-type. If you've ever spent any time around academia, that is remarkable indeed. AND OOOHH THE JUSTICE!!!! (everyone hates academia's dumb power politics)

And I did love her underog-triumphs conclusion, but I also, well, just loved her heart of gold, pure of spirit LOVE/obsession with science. And her nerdiness, and her sassiness, and - tbh - her writing! I was like, HOW is this woman who claims to care about nothing beyond the cell SUCH A GOOD WRITER? I laughed and teared up several times. Honestly, I just loved spending time with her and sharing her life with her. A really warm, inspiring story!
Profile Image for Kara.
69 reviews1 follower
February 22, 2024
I am nothing without the women that have come before me. What a treat to learn about the successes of a woman in science, and of one that came from parents of laborers, just like me
Profile Image for Kelly Lambert.
128 reviews3 followers
May 26, 2024
“It was the work of teachers that allowed this child of two laborers in postwar communist Hungary to understand the world… and then, in her own way, to help change it.”

These are the stories we should be reading! Real life, grafting in order to make the world and its humans BETTER.

Academia aesthetics throughout (big fan) & enticingly written.

For the scientists and non-scientists.
Profile Image for Emily Wachter.
91 reviews4 followers
February 19, 2024
There were a lot of things I liked about this book and about Kariko as a person. I think the biggest thing I appreciated was how real she was about academia. Like I LOVE her hot take about how academia is about money JUST AS MUCH AS INDUSTRY IS only industry doesn’t try to skirt around it. Love that, honestly. Also, we love to see a woman in science be a mother and a full time scientist. I was wondering the other day how different my internal conflict about raising kids would be if guys were usually the ones who stayed home and women worked full time. I was happy to see that being a mom didn’t hold her back from science and that science also didn’t hold her back from being a mom because I want both even if I don’t want to be a stay at home mom. I was awed by her faith in RNA’s relevance. I don’t know that I’ll ever be that confident in the future applicability or utility of my research, but she has inspired me to work on that. Kariko’s drive was literally stunning. She was unstoppable, reading papers 24/7, staying up all hours of the night, sleeping in the lab at times, making huge sacrifices to continue doing science. Seriously, what a woman. I’m glad to have someone like Kariko to relate to, look up to, and follow in her footsteps in my own career in science.
Profile Image for Alison Fulmer.
257 reviews2 followers
November 28, 2023
A remarkably interesting memoir well written and paced. I was particularly impressed by how a Nobel winning scientist could explain her work in terms that seem to me would be understandable by someone without a science background.
Profile Image for Viviana.
28 reviews2 followers
March 20, 2024
This book is beautiful and inspirational. It is written in a simple and straight forward manner and it is a quick read. However, the book has depth and it asks very uncomfortable but important questions. First of all it made me reflect on what I value, how I view success (impact vs recognition) and the importance of being authentic. Dr Kariko's journey is always informed by her own curiosity and interests and her goal is to make an impact her own way leveraging her expertise, even if results happen after her lifespan. This type of single minded focus is rare and inspiring. She is always herself and although this results in people feeling alienated by her or failing to see her value, in a way this simplifies things because those that surround her and support her do so with commitment and a full heart.
Secondly, the book brutally shows about how profit and long term impact are often times very different and we don't yet have a recipe for their coexistence. We see it in science, in business, when we look at government planning... It often seems there is no greater objective than return on investment within a short window frame.
Lastly, the book talks about trade-offs (or call them sacrifices if you want) - how prioritizing a career does not make you love your family less but the time available for it is ... Well, less. So it is important to be present in whatever time you can give and have a family that lets you be authentic and true to your interests - and this is true probably more for women but also for men. Although it is fine to balance and rebalance continuously between family and a career, lack of options can make many of us feel trapped (lack of affordable quality healthcare, access to education, access to future opportunities and training beyond university). The barriers of distance can now be overcome with remote working which allows more flexibility and we can now do more than before to include people in new roles and careers and we are only skimming the surface.
Profile Image for Rachel.
4 reviews
February 2, 2024
In one word: Inspiring
I have a new amazing scientist to look-up to and learn from.

I have so many thoughts so I will try to collect them in a list below:
-As a woman in science, it was so inspiring, encouraging, and comforting to hear another woman in science share her story. How she always seemed to be viewed as secondary, not given deserved promotions for reasons her bosses refused to elaborate on. I understood how she felt and it made me feel not as alone in this male-domimated field.
-Her view on her work and science aligns with my views and principles nearly perfectly. I always felt like a black sheep in my field because of my desire to follow the science to expand knowledge rather than turn a profit always seemed like something no one else cared about. Her perfectionism in lab techniques, desire to ask science one more thing is inspiring and made me feel seen.
-I enjoyed her different perspectives on Academia vs Industry. I have not had first hand experience in academia and have always wondered if I missed something by not pursuing a higher degree. I enjoyed this little glimpse into that world (and will say I don't think I am missing much from academia in its current system).
-I love how she challenges the current status quo in both academia and industry. Why do we do things in such a complicated, political way when it just gets in the way of the science.
-I loved hearing the history of all the science and work that led up to the ability for the Covid19 vaccines to be ready so quickly when the world needed them. They were able to go through the approval process because of the years and years of painstaking research and data that came before 2020. What an amazing story of innovation and dedication by the researchers in this field.
Profile Image for Katelyn Stenger.
19 reviews
December 22, 2023
The reason I’m giving it four stars is because it is a biography, so those are harder for me to get through. However it is a really inspiring story of how a little girl who grew up in a house in Hungary without any running water, came to develop the mRNA vaccines for COVID-19. Her strength, determination and passion for excellence is really inspiring. The way that she pushed her to the top was not done out of a want for success, but a pure passion for science.

I want to meet her so bad, but for now YouTube interviews will suffice.

Three of my favorite quotes she said:

1. “Do not believe that hard work and happiness are in opposition. Do not believe that one must embrace leisure to know joy.”

2. Okay this is a quote she lives by but didn’t come up with, “in science you stand on the shoulders of giants” which is important to remember both in and out of your career.

3. The best way to increase the number of women in science and their careers is to decrease the cost of childcare.
Profile Image for Patricia Ibarra.
762 reviews9 followers
May 2, 2024
The memoir from Katarin Kariko, a Nobel Prize in Physiology-Medicine. She was the daughter of a butcher in communist Hungary after the Second World War. Her living conditions were very poor. They did not have running water and sometimes they had to struggle to find something to eat. She loved nature and her interest to learn more was aroused. Fortunately for her, the state made efforts to give education to all the children and she certainly took advantage of it, soon excelling at school. She always knew that she wanted to become a scientist and worked very hard incessantly to achieve her dreams. She never stopped studying and she ended eventually in the United States. She found a job in a laboratory and worked day and night to learn more about messenger RNA, the object of her passion and research. She had to overcome various hurdles because of her gender, the low wages she was paid, and the little importance some scientists gave to her. She never lost faith and ended up winning the Nobel Prize. While she was married and had a child, her true life was science. It was an interesting read, but you must have some interest in biology as the book gives detailed explanations of her discoveries.
Profile Image for Rosalba.
6 reviews
December 25, 2023
This book is so many things! Here, you witness a history of effort, hard work, and all the pressures and challenges women in science faced. It is also a story of all the inconveniences and adversities faced by non-privileged people. It's a portrait of the job, time, effort, and sacrifice that imply working in science research, which is sometimes hard to understand for those outside this field. If you are in the research science field, it is a reminder that sometimes you must repeat your experiment one more time, and then one more despite feeling discouraged, because that would be the breakthrough. "Do not stop."
May 3, 2024
Several thoughts upon finishing this…
1. I would love to meet Katalin Karikó 👩🏼‍🔬
2. Every STEM PhD student should read this before they start or very early in on their PhD. Karikó’s closing remarks are especially powerful.
3. This is one of the most candid accounts of everything that happens in the halls of big research institutions
4. Karikó is a natural writer. She’s beautifully woven together a story of science, persistence, and motherhood.
5. Nobel prize-winning mother and Olympic gold medalist daughter is CRAZY and so incredible.
Profile Image for Jacob.
149 reviews16 followers
April 26, 2024
So grateful for people like Katalin Karikó (one of the scientists behind the mRNA advances). She dedicated her entire life to pushing the science forward, even when many doubted it would work, and the world is now a better place for it. Very inspirational.
Profile Image for Eva.
70 reviews
July 15, 2024
Siempre es un placer leer sobre mujeres en las ciencias, más cuando es ella misma cuando nos relata su vida desde sus humildes orígenes hasta la cúspide de convertirse en la heroína del mundo al salvarnos a todos del COVID-19.
Profile Image for Aida.
10 reviews9 followers
November 21, 2023
Ok I’m not event halfway through, but I already love this book and I love this woman. What a powerhouse!
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