AT&T anounced it will no longer offer data cap exemptions for use of its in-house HBO Max streaming platform and other partners in its “Data Free TV” program, effective March 25. The reason for the change? California’s net neutrality law, which prevents ISPs and carriers from giving preferential treatment to their own services by excluding its use from calculating subscribers’ data allowance—a practice called zero-rating—and which essentially negates AT&T’s ability to offer Data Free TV.

In its announcement, AT&T implored federal lawmakers to develop a unified, national standard: “A patchwork of state regulations, many of them overly restrictive, creates roadblocks to creative and pro-consumer solutions.”

California’s economic heft and its leading role as a policy innovator make its rigorous net neutrality protections particularly threatening to telecoms. The legislation, which passed into law in 2018, was prompted largely by the FCC’s decision to scrap existing net neutrality protections under then-President Donald Trump. Despite yearslong efforts by telecoms to block and forestall the law from taking effect, a federal judge last month greenlit California to begin enforcement. California plays a uniquely outsize role in shaping federal legislative efforts due to its sheer size and economic power, and has repeatedly led national policy innovation on climate change, car emissions, and data protection.

In the vacuum left by repealing the federal standard, net neutrality has become an increasingly complex tapestry of state protections. Aside from California, six other states have already passed net neutrality legislation, while nine more have introduced laws this year. The patchwork of individual state policies is quickly becoming a cramped and challenging labyrinth which telecoms must navigate.

Ultimately for telecoms, as for Big Tech with data privacy, it’s simply more desirable to deal with single, unified federal standards—which could be shaped favorably through lobbying—than to adapt to discrete state laws. With the Biden administration signaling strong support for net neutrality protections, that may soon come to pass. The new administration recently dropped a Trump-era DOJ lawsuit seeking to overturn California’s net neutrality law, and has appointed several well-known proponents of net neutrality to key positions within the administration. Net neutrality is also overwhelmingly popular—more than 4 out of 5 US adults (82%) supported net neutrality, per a 2019 Comparitech poll—another factor making federal legislation an increasingly real prospect in the near future.