"Parasitic Infection Is Common": This Doctor Is Sharing The "Brain Worm Warning Signs" You Should Know

    I never thought I needed to know "brain worm warning signs," but here we are.

    Krista Torres
    by Krista Torres

    BuzzFeed Staff

    Over the past month, "brain worm" anxiety has skyrocketed. In case you missed it, this happened after independent presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. said that a worm ate part of his brain and died inside of his head.

    When RFKJr gets a song stuck in his head. pic.twitter.com/OnoBEsFRMn

    — 𝕊𝕦𝕟𝕕𝕒𝕖_𝔾𝕦𝕣𝕝 (@SundaeDivine) May 8, 2024
    Twitter: @SundaeDivine
    You can read more about the story here.

    While we're not here to investigate RFK's specific claim about a brain worm dying inside of him, we are here to discuss brain worms in general which are, unfortunately, a real thing that exists.

    User writes about having diarrhea and worrying it might be due to brain worms, followed by a crying emoji
    @ladyspinedoc / tiktok.com

    BuzzFeed spoke to neurosurgeon Betsy Grunch, MD, FAANS, FACS, FCNS who has been practicing for 11 years. To break it down simply, Grunch said that brain worms are a term used to represent a parasitic infection in the brain. "The most common being from the pork tapeworm, Taenia Solium (or neurocysticercosis)," Grunch explained.

    So, how would a person be exposed — and potentially get — brain worms to begin with? Grunch said that brain worms most commonly come from a cycle of pig-to-human transmission. This happens when a person consumes raw or undercooked pork that is infected with pork tapeworm (or Taenia Solium). After the intestinal parasite is in that person's body, it can lay eggs. That person will then pass the eggs in their stool. While an intestinal tapeworm alone cannot travel to the brain, its larvae can. Secretions in the stomach cause the eggs to hatch, and the larvae may then enter the bloodstream, where they can be distributed all over the body, including the brain.

    A butcher is cutting large pieces of raw meat on a table in a busy butchery
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    "For example, Person A can consume raw or undercooked pork that has been infected by the Taenia Solium. They can then acquire the intestinal tapeworm that may cause mild GI symptoms, passing eggs into their stool. Person B can then consume those eggs if Person A doesn't wash their hands after using the restroom and prepares food for Person B. Once Person B consumes the fecal-contaminated food made by Person A, the eggs can hatch and penetrate through Person B's intestinal wall, spreading to other parts of their body — including their brain, eyes, and other tissues. The larvae will then occupy a space in Person B's brain (called neurocysticercosis)," Grunch further explained.

    Grunch said digestive issues would be the first symptoms to look out for — and they show up pretty quickly after ingestion of a parasite. "You would experience GI symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss specifically. That being said, brain infection symptoms may take months to years to develop, as symptoms don’t typically arise until the larvae die. When those do show up in the brain, symptoms include nausea, seizures, and headache."

    Illustration of a human brain made from intertwined worms
    Polygraphus / Getty Images/iStockphoto

    If you suspect you may have a parasitic infection, always consult your doctor right away. "Specific antibodies or antigens in the bloodstream can be checked to see if you have an infection. Sometimes we can obtain CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) via spinal tap to check for brain worms."

    A large close-up of many maggots wriggling together
    Jose A. Bernat Bacete / Getty Images

    The best way to prevent brain worms, according to Grunch, is to not eat undercooked or raw pork, and use good hand hygiene. Now go forth and please wash your hands!

    Sarah Sherman, dressed in a humorous octopus costume, sits next to Colin Jost, who is wearing a suit, on a news set with a world map backdrop
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