The 2017 human monkeypox outbreak in Nigeria-Report of outbreak experience and response in the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
- PMID: 30995249
- PMCID: PMC6469755
- DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214229
The 2017 human monkeypox outbreak in Nigeria-Report of outbreak experience and response in the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: In September 2017, Nigeria experienced a large outbreak of human monkeypox (HMPX). In this study, we report the outbreak experience and response in the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital (NDUTH), Bayelsa state, where the index case and majority of suspected cases were reported.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study between September 25th and 31st December 2017, we reviewed the clinical and laboratory characteristics of all suspected and confirmed cases of HMPX seen at the NDUTH and appraised the plans, activities and challenges of the hospital in response to the outbreak based on documented observations of the hospital's infection control committee (IPC). Monkeypox cases were defined using the interim national guidelines as provided by the Nigerian Centre for Disease Control (NCDC).
Results: Of 38 suspected cases of HMPX, 18(47.4%) were laboratory confirmed, 3(7.9%) were probable, while 17 (18.4%) did not fit the case definition for HMPX. Majority of the confirmed/probable cases were adults (80.9%) and males (80.9%). There was concomitant chicken pox, syphilis and HIV-1 infections in two confirmed cases and a case of nosocomial infection in one healthcare worker (HCW). The hospital established a make-shift isolation ward for case management, constituted a HMPX response team and provided IPC resources. At the outset, some HCWs were reluctant to participate in the outbreak and others avoided suspected patients. Some patients and their family members experienced stigma and discrimination and there were cases of refusal of isolation. Repeated trainings and collaborative efforts by all stakeholders addressed some of these challenges and eventually led to successful containment of the outbreak.
Conclusion: While the 2017 outbreak of human monkeypox in Nigeria was contained, our report reveals gaps in outbreak response that could serve as lessons to other hospitals to strengthen epidemic preparedness and response activities in the hospital setting.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Figures
![Fig 1](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6469755/bin/pone.0214229.g001.gif)
![Fig 2](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6469755/bin/pone.0214229.g002.gif)
![Fig 3](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6469755/bin/pone.0214229.g003.gif)
Similar articles
-
Sexual history of human monkeypox patients seen at a tertiary hospital in Bayelsa, Nigeria.Int J STD AIDS. 2022 Sep;33(10):928-932. doi: 10.1177/09564624221119335. Epub 2022 Aug 15. Int J STD AIDS. 2022. PMID: 35969500
-
Preparation and Response to the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic in Nigeria-The Experience of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria.PLoS One. 2016 Oct 27;11(10):e0165271. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165271. eCollection 2016. PLoS One. 2016. PMID: 27788191 Free PMC article.
-
Exportation of Monkeypox Virus From the African Continent.J Infect Dis. 2022 Apr 19;225(8):1367-1376. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa559. J Infect Dis. 2022. PMID: 32880628 Free PMC article.
-
A review of the monkeypox virus and a recent outbreak of skin rash disease in Nigeria.J Med Virol. 2019 Apr;91(4):533-540. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25348. Epub 2018 Nov 19. J Med Virol. 2019. PMID: 30357851 Review.
-
[Learning from the past: the history of human monkeypox and the atypical multi-country outbreak in 2022].Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Jul 15;24(7):717-727. doi: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2206019. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2022. PMID: 35894184 Free PMC article. Review. Chinese.
Cited by
-
The Re-Emergence of Mpox: Old Illness, Modern Challenges.Biomedicines. 2024 Jul 1;12(7):1457. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12071457. Biomedicines. 2024. PMID: 39062032 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Dynamics of Mpox infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 28;14(1):7368. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-58147-y. Sci Rep. 2024. PMID: 38548826 Free PMC article.
-
Global research profile on monkeypox-related literature (1962-2022): A bibliometric analysis.Narra J. 2022 Dec;2(3):e96. doi: 10.52225/narra.v2i3.96. Epub 2022 Dec 14. Narra J. 2022. PMID: 38449907 Free PMC article.
-
Clinical and epidemiological features of mpox in a Brazilian reference center for HIV and sexually transmitted infections: A cross-sectional study.IJID Reg. 2023 Nov 27;10:114-122. doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.11.017. eCollection 2024 Mar. IJID Reg. 2023. PMID: 38269305 Free PMC article.
-
Environmental detection and spreading of mpox in healthcare settings: a narrative review.Front Microbiol. 2023 Dec 21;14:1272498. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1272498. eCollection 2023. Front Microbiol. 2023. PMID: 38179458 Free PMC article. Review.
References
MeSH terms
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical