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2021, Academia Letters
Frontiers in Endocrinology
The Role of Gut Microbiota and Environmental Factors in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis2020 •
Type 1-diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta (β)-cells. Genetic and environmental interactions play an important role in immune system malfunction by priming an aggressive adaptive immune response against β-cells. The microbes inhabiting the human intestine closely interact with the enteric mucosal immune system. Gut microbiota colonization and immune system maturation occur in parallel during early years of life; hence, perturbations in the gut microbiota can impair the functions of immune cells and vice-versa. Abnormal gut microbiota perturbations (dysbiosis) are often detected in T1D subjects, particularly those diagnosed as multiple-autoantibody-positive as a result of an aggressive and adverse immunoresponse. The pathogenesis of T1D involves activation of self-reactive T-cells, resulting in the destruction of β-cells by CD8 + T-lymphocytes. It is also becoming clear that gut microbes interact closely with T-cells. The amelioration of gut dysbiosis using specific probiotics and prebiotics has been found to be associated with decline in the autoimmune response (with diminished inflammation) and gut integrity (through increased expression of tight-junction proteins in the intestinal epithelium). This review discusses the potential interactions between gut microbiota and immune mechanisms that are involved in the progression of T1D and contemplates the potential effects and prospects of gut microbiota modulators, including probiotic and prebiotic interventions, in the amelioration of T1D pathology, in both human and animal models.
Are we Any Close to Unraveling the Mechanism of Interactions Among Susceptibility Genes Towards Type 1 Diabetes, Gut Microbiota Along with Environmental Factors, Specifically Early Diet Patterns –A Systematic Review?
Are we Any Close to Unraveling the Mechanism of Interactions Among Susceptibility Genes Towards Type 1 Diabetes, Gut Microbiota Along with Environmental Factors, Specifically Early Diet Patterns -A Systematic Review2021 •
Earlier wehad reviewed on the aetiopathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1D) along with role of gutmicrobiota(GM) ,genes ,immunotherapies besides the role ofGM in obesity ,type 2 diabetes and probiotics in detail. Whereas the pathogens for autoimmune diseases continue to be mostly not clear ,genetic proneness as well as environmental factors have been believed to be the main etiologies.Of the environmental factors the, microbiome is associated with autoimmune diseases through direct as well as indirect crosstalk with innate as well as adaptive immune cells .This leads to loss of immune tolerance ,chronic inflammation as well as immune response against host tissues .The posited part of microbiome in autoimmunity are Molecular mimicry ,epitope spreading ,bystander activation, as well as continued infection.Further the longitudinal studies have pointed toward the implication of geographical variations .Here we decided to conduct a systematic review on the role of gut microbiota and its relation with Type 1 diabetes mellitus,interaction with other environmental factors like delivery mode ,mode of baby feeding and its impact on GMlike use of breast feeding only at least till 4 mths ,Ultimately it has been observed that delaying gluten introduction till 4mths as well as cows milk beyond 12mths of age along with addition of early pre/probiotics in those children possessing high risk susceptibility genes .More work is required to evaluate gut virome and other components like archeome ,Microbiota of vagina ,skin as well as metabolome to arrive at a conclusion .Moreover use of diets like Mediterranean diet ,FUN2 as well as ArH targeting to avoid generation of T1D needs to be exploited.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes and Gut Microbiota RoleType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease driven by T-cells against the insulin-producing islet β-cells, resulting in a marked loss of β-cell mass and function. Although a genetic predisposal increases susceptibility, the role of epigenetic and environmental factors seems to be much more significant. A dysbiotic gut microbial profile has been associated with T1D patients. Moreover, new evidence propose that perturbation in gut microbiota may influence the T1D onset and progression. One of the prominent features in clinically silent phase before the onset of T1D is the presence of a microbiota characterized by low numbers of commensals butyrate producers, thus negatively influencing the gut permeability. The loss of gut permeability leads to the translocation of microbes and microbial metabolites and could lead to the activation of immune cells. Moreover, microbiota-based therapies to slow down disease progression or reverse T1D have shown promising results. Starti...
Human Microbiome Journal
Gut microbiota diversity and T1DM onset: Preliminary data of a case-control study2017 •
Frontiers in Nutrition
Editorial: The Triple Interaction: Diet, Microbiota and Epigenetics in the Onset and Management of Type 1 Diabetes2021 •
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Gut Microbiota Functional Traits, Blood pH, and Anti-GAD Antibodies Concur in the Clinical Characterization of T1D at OnsetAlterations of gut microbiota have been identified before clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes (T1D). To identify the associations amongst gut microbiome profile, metabolism and disease markers, the 16S rRNA-based microbiota profiling and 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis were performed on stool samples of 52 T1D patients at onset, 17 T1D siblings and 57 healthy subjects (CTRL). Univariate, multivariate analyses and classification models were applied to clinical and -omic integrated datasets. In T1D patients and their siblings, Clostridiales and Dorea were increased and Dialister and Akkermansia were decreased compared to CTRL, while in T1D, Lachnospiraceae were higher and Collinsella was lower, compared to siblings and CTRL. Higher levels of isobutyrate, malonate, Clostridium, Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiales, Bacteroidales, were associated to T1D compared to CTRL. Patients with higher anti-GAD levels showed low abundances of Roseburia, Faecalibacterium and Alistipes and those with...
2011 •
Gastroenterology Review
Study of the gut microbiome in Egyptian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitusFrontiers in Nutrition
Early Nutrition and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: The Role of Gut Microbiota2020 •
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) appears most frequently in childhood, with an alarming increasing incidence in the last decades. Although the genetic predisposition is a major risk factor, it cannot solely explain the complex etiology of T1D which is still not fully understood. In this paper, we reviewed the most recent findings on the role of early nutrition and the involvement of the gut microbiota in the etiopathogenesis of T1D. The main conclusions that are withdrawn from the current literature regarding alleviating the risk of developing T1D through nutrition are the encouragement of long-term breast-feeding for at least the first 6 months of life and the avoidance of early complementary foods and gluten introduction (before 4 months of age) as well as cow milk introduction before 12 months of life. These detrimental feeding habits create a gut microbiota dysbiotic state that can contribute to the onset of T1D in infancy. Finally, we discussed the possibility to introduce probiotics, pre...
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Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Pediatric Diabetes
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