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2018, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Surveillance, Security, and Privacy
Behavioral Sciences & the Law
Relationships between the U.S. Secret Service and the behavioral and social sciences1986 •
The United States Secret Service is a federal law enforcement agency of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. The Secret Service investigates crimes related to U.S. currency, credit card fraud, forgery of government obligations, and other related violations. However, the Secret Service is perhaps best known for its protective and investigative responsibilities involving the President and Vice President of the United States, members of their immediate families, and visiting foreign dignitaries. During the past 22 years, concern for protective responsibilities has provoked occasional and sometimes fruitful dialogue between the Secret Service and members of the professional behavioral and social sciences communities. This article describes the evolution and future possibilities of that relationship by providing: (a) a brief history and overview of the Secret Service, focusing on its protective and investigative responsibilities, (b) an analysis of the recent contributions of the behavio...
2020 •
Secret service refers to a service which kept in secrecy. Secret services consist of many activities including protection of top officials of a country, finding out the thefts and criminal in the country and abroad. This paper attempts to study the secret services of the world, including three intelligence agencies. The structure of the article is divided into two sections. The first section deals with the definition of secret service; its kinds, elements, and how they are executed. The second section deals with world top three intelligence agencies discussing their backgrounds, structures, capabilities and services they are engaged in. The concluding part of the article is used to compare and contrast the secret services of the three intelligence agencies as well as matters related to them. The findings show that each intelligence agency is out of a war syndrome, well-structured. ISI has the power that can surpass the government, while the CIA and RAW are relatively in the control ...
In the late nineteenth century Britain represented an anomaly amongst other European powers. By contrast to other European states, the United Kingdom exhibited no desire for the maintenance of a permanent secret service department. In addition to this popular culture was decidedly against the idea of secret policing and viewed the concept of uniformed policemen as underhanded, illiberal and dangerously foreign to the British liberalism. The contemporary attitude of policing favoured transparency, accountability and responsibility. It favoured the reality of an ordinary uniformed policeman working his beat and reassuring the public with his presence. In the 1880s, however, the British state faced a serious challenge arising from the experience of Irish Fenianism necessitating the establishment of a secret service, anathema to liberal attitudes. This early secret service, established in 1883 was written out of British history until recently, and relied on a circus of spies, informers and agent-provocateurs. This article will introduce this incipient secret service and examine their activities as they tried, successfully, to implement a Victorian war on terror.
This essay will attempt to assess to what extent the term 'secret service' enlightens or obscures the interpretation of intelligence systems that existed in England between 1650-1909. Acknowledging that this is a broad period with many examples of intelligence systems this essay will focus on some unique case studies from the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, such as the role of the post office in intercepting communications and the development of a professional intelligence system for domestic and foreign espionage – William Wickham's Foreign Secret Service in the 1790's. We must also briefly acknowledge that many factors will influence our interpretation of the phrase 'secret service' but this essay will emphasise each systems source of financing, how widespread they were used and how professionally they gathered and used intelligence.
Various competing models of homeland security were considered in response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States. The Department of Homeland Security, proposed in 2002 by President George W. Bush and opened in 2003, merged 22 federal agencies and 170,000 employees to fulfill its mission of preventing and preparing for terrorist attacks and other manmade and natural threats and disasters. Designed to be a center of intelligence, the department has largely failed to live up to this mission, as it struggled to coordinate with existing intelligence-gathering agencies. Furthermore, it has grappled with other obstacles in coordinating with federal, state, and local entities with regard to natural disaster preparedness and response, notably illustrated by Hurricane Katrina. In its first 10 yrs, serious reforms to address these shortcomings have been implemented by DHS leadership itself and at the request of the U.S. Congress with varied degrees of success.
2011 •
This essay examines some of the organizational and operational problems that the Department of Homeland Security and the nation’s reorganized intelligence infrastructure have encountered and continue to endure since the 9/11 attacks. Both the DHS and the reorganized intelligence community suffer from a clear articulation of mission, responsibilities and goals. Both suffer from internal “turf wars” as agency and program directors compete for precedence in the areas of budget and personnel. In addition the oversight of both entities is heavily politicized, leading to Congressional decision-making errors on national security that might have been avoided. As a counterexample, this essay briefly discusses the establishment of the Office of War Mobilization by President Roosevelt in the wake of the Pearl Harbor attacks and the lesson it may have for future thinking about national security.
Journal of Homeland Security
Homeland Security Intelligence: Just the Beginning2003 •
This article provides an overview of the development and growth in the roles and missions of the US foreign intelligence community and uses it as a model to argue that a similar growth will likely happen in the domestic arena due to the inevitable expansion of technological capabilities. If this in fact does occur, the expanding roles and missions of domestic intelligence agencies will likely pose a threat to civil liberties. The article concludes by suggesting that the threat to civil liberties could be countered through the incorporation of overlapping procedural guidelines and oversight mechanisms at the creation of each new domestic intelligence program.
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