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2024, Tourism Review
Purpose-The purpose of this research paper was to determine which needs for incentives influence positive word-of-mouth (PWOM) among international tourists and how these needs differ based on the cultural orientation toward individualism and collectivism. Design/methodology/approach-This research used online surveys to gather data from 959 Australian, US, UK, Japanese and Korean respondents who had visited Beijing. A random sampling method was used, and data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0. By adopting the existence relatedness growth theory, the findings explain how cultural orientation affects the impact of needs for incentives in generating PWOM. Findings-Three hypothesized relationships were significant for Australia/UK/USA and Japan/Koreathe effect of needs for incentives on motivation, the effect of motivation on PWOM and the effects of needs for incentives on PWOM were significant and positive for Australia/UK/USA and Japan/Korea. The effect of needs for incentive type on motivation varied across national populations, and the intensity of the effects of needs for incentive type on PWOM was also different. For Australian, UK and the US tourists, the honorary title was the most influential need to stimulate word-of-mouth motivation. The need for cultural learning was the most influential for Japanese and Korean tourists. Originality/value-This research contributes to the literature by exploring and comparing the needs for incentives that influence PWOM among tourists from the perspective of individualism and collectivism. The results also increase the understanding of the relationships among needs for incentives, motivation and PWOM.
2021 •
The goal of the present study is to propose a mediating role of gratitude in the link between tourist satisfaction and positive WoM intention. The data were collected through a survey involving 142 tourists in Indonesia who have experienced tourism services in the country. Based on the data, we managed to find that tourist satisfaction indirectly, at least in part, affect intention to spread positive WoM among tourists through gratitude. Theoretical and practical contributions of the present study were discussed. Keywords—tourist satisfaction, gratitude, positive WoM
Jurnal Siasat Bisnis
The effect of perceived value by the tourists toward electronic word of mouth activity: the moderating role of conspicuous tendency2020 •
Yogyakarta is the second largest tourist destination after Bali and is one of the tourism destinations in Indonesia, which is important because of its appeal. Unfortunately, Yogyakarta only ranks far away from expectations as areas that obtains the title as a tourism city. Overall, there was indeed an increase in the number of foreign tourists visiting Yogyakarta through Adi Sucipto Airport from 2012 until 2014, but the growth rate decreased drastically. This study aims to analyze the tourist visiting behavior patterns by using variables of tourists' cultural values, tourists' motivation to visit, word of mouth as an independent variable, destination image as an intervening variable, and tourists' intentions to visit as a dependent variable. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive and causality methods. The samples taken were 350 tourists visiting five (5) major tourist destinations in Yogyakarta. The research result showed that cultural values influenced the image of destination, yet did not influence the tourists' intention to visit. Meanwhile, the motivation to visit did not influence the destination image but influenced on the intention to visit. Word of mouth variable influenced the destination image and the intentions to visit. Destination image mediated the influence of cultural values and word of mouth to the tourists' intentions to visit, but did not mediate the influence of motivation to the tourists' intentions to visit. Keywords: Foreign tourists cultural values, motivation to visit, word of mouth, destination image, intention to visit, tourism marketing
The purpose of this research is to assess the constructs positive affection, negative affection, service quality, hedonic value, utilitarian value and satisfaction as antecedents considered by foreign tourists in their intention to recommend a Brazilian tourist destination. The analysis was supported by structural equation modeling of a cross-sectional sample of 203 foreign tourists. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire of 22 questions, adapted from the study by Babin, Lee, Kim & Griffin (2005). Regarding the objective of this study, the results suggest that only the latent variables satisfaction and hedonic value are directly related to the intention to recommend a Brazilian tourist destination by foreign tourists. Furthermore, the analysis confirms that tourist satisfaction positively influences intention to recommend the destination, which is consistent with the hypothesis signalized by previous studies
Journal of International Marketing
The effects of cultural values in word-of-mouth communication2009 •
The number of tourists travelling to Thailand has risen sharply over the past two decades. In 2013, more than 26 million foreign tourists travelled to Thailand from different parts of the world: Asia, Europe, North America, and so forth. This development has tremendous impact on Thai economy. One of the key reasons of the surge in incoming tourists is from the word-of-mouth behaviour. Although there have been a number of studies on the tourist satisfaction and loyalty, there is no significant study emphasising the difference in tourists’ individual-level cultural value orientation and their impacts on the likelihood of promoting Thailand. This research employs the concept of Net Promoter Score (NPS) - a metric that measures differences between promoters (positive recommenders), passively satisfied, and detractors. This concept has been prominently applied in the business sector but has not been studied in a context of country’s reputation. Using promoter score to evaluate the tourists’ likelihood of promoting Thailand, this article observes the differences among tourists from different geographic origins according to the growth rate of tourists and individual-level cultural value orientation according to the Hofstede’s Framework. The research findings can be beneficial not only to the public sector by allowing the policy makers to understand the difference in tourists’ cultural background, but also tourism businesses in terms of their service design and operations strategy to serve tourists from around the world.
2017 •
As an attractive educational hub within this region, Malaysia currently accommodates an enormous number of foreign students. These students are known for their inclination towards tour and travel activities during their spare time. In view of the potential contribution of foreign students' travel activities towards the nation, this study attempts to examine the tour behaviour among foreign students in Malaysia. This study specifi cally focuses on the foreign students' travel intention and possible infl uences of electronic-word-of-mouth (E-WOM) on their travel intention. In addition, this study intends to determine the infl uence of gender differences on the impact of the E-WOM towards students' travel intention. The foreign students pursuing their tertiary education in Limkokwing University located at Cyberjaya, Malaysia comprise the population of this study. Snowball sampling was used to draw 500 representative elements for the study's self-administrated survey. St...
The purpose of this research is to assess the constructs positive affection, negative affection, service quality, hedonic value, utilitarian value and satisfaction as antecedents considered by foreign tourists in their intention to recommend a Brazilian tourist destination. The analysis was supported by structural equation modeling of a cross-sectional sample of 203 foreign tourists. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire of 22 questions, adapted from the study by Babin, Lee, Kim & Griffin (2005). Regarding the objective of this study, the results suggest that only the latent variables satisfaction and hedonic value are directly related to the intention to recommend a Brazilian tourist destination by foreign tourists. Furthermore, the analysis confirms that tourist satisfaction positively influences intention to recommend the destination, which is consistent with the hypothesis signalized by previous studies.
The present study contributes to the current localization literature by revealing the effects of localizing cultural values on tourism destination websites on users’ destination image and willingness to travel. Reporting on two tests, the first is an analysis of the depiction of cultural values on 48 New Zealand, 36 Indian, and 46 Chinese destination sites. Results indicate significant differences in the cultural values exposed among the three countries. The second study reports on an experiment requiring 400 New Zealand participants to visit four versions of a fictitious experimental destination website. Commensurate with motivations for holiday tourism, results indicate that the depiction of incongruent cultural values to a target audience on destination websites generates a more positive destination image and greater willingness to travel, contradicting the current localization literature. Finally, managerial implications are also discussed.
Journal of Business Research
General theory of cultures' consequences on international tourism behavior2011 •
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