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WordPress is an open source blog publishing and content management system, based on PHP and MySQL.

Discourse is an open source discussion platform written in Ruby on Rails.

Teachable is a hosted platform for online courses.

PHP is a scripting language for creating websites.

Ruby is a general-purpose object-oriented language originally developed by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating and Ajax interaction. Originally developed by John Resig.

Bootstrap is an open source HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework.

Nginx (pronounced as "engine X") is a lightweight open source web server developed by Igor Sysoev.

Cloudflare Server is a web server developed by Cloudflare.

Debian is a Linux distribution.

Cloudways provides managed web hosting, owned by DigitalOcean.

Teachable is a hosted platform for online courses.

DigitalOcean is a US-based web hosting provider.

Cloudflare provides a content delivery network.

Cloudflare provides DNS servers and other web services.

Microsoft is a multinational technology company headquartered in USA, also offering email services.

Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority provided by the Internet Security Research Group.

GlobalSign is an IT security service provider, also operating as SSL certificate authority.

DigiCert is an SSL certificate authority. This includes Verizon, whose Enterprise SSL Business has been acquired by DigiCert.

IdenTrust is a SSL certificate authority.

Google Analytics is a free service to get detailed statistics about the visitors of a website, provided by Google. This includes the Ads conversion tracking and the Floodlight services.

Mixpanel is a real-time web analytics service to track users behavior.

Facebook Pixel is an analytics tool to track actions on websites.

Heap is a web analytics tool.

Cloudflare Web Analytics is a privacy-respecting website traffic analytics service.

The Google Advertising network consists of AdSense, DoubleClick and other services.

The Google Tag Manager is a Google service to support webmasters to manage tags on their websites.

Facebook Social Plugins provide a way for Facebook users to share web pages with their friends.

A Twitter Button allows a Twitter user to post a tweet from the visited site.

The WhatsApp share button allows users to share content with their WhatsApp contacts.

LinkedIn Share Buttons enable visitors to to share website content with their LinkedIn network.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Session cookies are temporary cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time of up to 1 day.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 day and 1 month.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 month and 1 year.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time between 1 and 10 years.

HttpOnly cookies are used only in the HTTP protocol and not in client side scripts, which may increase security.

Non-HttpOnly cookies are used in the HTTP protocol and also in client side scripts, which may be a security threat.

Secure cookies are used only via an encrypted connections, which may increase security.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

Brotli is a lossless compression algorithm developed by Google.

The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) provides amongst others a vastly larger address space than the preceding version 4. We consider a website to support IPv6 if a 128-bit address is assigned to it, regardless of the content delivered at that address.

HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP network protocol.

HTTP/3 is the third major version of the HTTP network protocol, derived from the QUIC protocol.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The websites redirects visitors to its www subdomain, e.g. from example.com to www.example.com.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

Twitter Cards enable automatic attachment of photos, videos and media elements to Tweets.

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding Linked Data using JSON.

Generic RDFa (Resource Description Framework in attributes) is RDFa without further specialization.

Microdata is a specification to integrate metadata within existing content on web pages.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.

WebP is an image format that provides lossless and lossy compression, developed by Google.

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