Emmanuel Tsekleves

Creating a legacy after the project ends is a challenge for any research project, but it is one that poses a greater challenge for Global North researchers working in the Global South. On the one hand, many Global South research institutions still appear to lack capacity to self-sufficiently undertake research to translate findings into impact and policy. On the other, there have been far too many research projects that use practices of ‘parachuting’ researchers into Global South countries… Show more

Creating a legacy after the project ends is a challenge for any research project, but it is one that poses a greater challenge for Global North researchers working in the Global South. On the one hand, many Global South research institutions still appear to lack capacity to self-sufficiently undertake research to translate findings into impact and policy. On the other, there have been far too many research projects that use practices of ‘parachuting’ researchers into Global South countries. These projects perform research work and fly the data out—with the results being learned only on publication. With more design researchers engaging in international project addressing global challenges in the Global South, this becomes a key consideration. This essay explores how, as design researchers operating in the Global South, we ensure embedded legacy and sustainability in our research project. Show less

Health challenges require innovative solutions. This is where the power of design comes in.

The new Little Book of Design for Health in Latin America reveals how designers are tackling pressing healthcare needs across the region. Through 13 case studies, you’ll see examples of products, services, spaces, materials, tools, and education programs that are moving the needle on health equity and access.



For instance, in rural Colombia, an inexpensive neonatal transport… Show more

Health challenges require innovative solutions. This is where the power of design comes in.

The new Little Book of Design for Health in Latin America reveals how designers are tackling pressing healthcare needs across the region. Through 13 case studies, you’ll see examples of products, services, spaces, materials, tools, and education programs that are moving the needle on health equity and access.



For instance, in rural Colombia, an inexpensive neonatal transport incubator is enabling life-saving referrals. Meanwhile, designers in Peru completely reimagined a chaotic public healthcare center to improve efficiency. Other case studies showcase antimicrobial copper-infused papers to prevent infection transmission, and emergency emotional wellbeing kits for those experiencing trauma.

From large-scale health systems to everyday products, these projects demonstrate design’s versatility in strengthening health infrastructure throughout Latin America. But they also highlight pressing gaps that remain, from neonatal care to chronic disease management.



By sharing challenges and solutions across contexts, this Little Book promotes cross-pollination of knowledge across borders. It inspires designers to apply their skills towards Latin America’s unique healthcare needs. And it shows how design research methodologies like co-creation are engendering grassroots, context-appropriate innovation.

The editors issue an urgent call-to-action for policymakers to recognise design as a vital strategy for enhancing health equity in the face of complex challenges. Because as these cases reveal, design holds immense potential to reshape healthcare experiences for millions in the region. Show less

Globally Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) constitutes a health crisis, particularly in developing countries, where infectious disease are commonly fatal. There is clear evidence for microbial exposure and infection transmission within the home. Personal and environmental hygiene are the best ways of reducing household infections thus decreasing the need for antibiotics and consequently diminishing AMR. Despite this being an obvious step, research efforts to understand the home environment and its… Show more

Globally Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) constitutes a health crisis, particularly in developing countries, where infectious disease are commonly fatal. There is clear evidence for microbial exposure and infection transmission within the home. Personal and environmental hygiene are the best ways of reducing household infections thus decreasing the need for antibiotics and consequently diminishing AMR. Despite this being an obvious step, research efforts to understand the home environment and its impact on AMR, cleaning and possible interventions on household cleaning are limited. We combined design and microbiology methods in an innovative mixed-method approach. A traditional survey design (n = 240), a design ethnography (n = 12), a co-design workshop and a pre-intervention microbiological dust sample analysis was undertaken to provide insights for codesign workshops in which new cleaning practices might be developed to minimise any AMR bacteria present in the household environments located in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Microbiological analysis of household dust showed that 36.6% of bacterial isolates detected were found to carry at least one resistance to the panel of antibiotics tested. Four scenarios were generated from an economic segmentation of the survey data. 50 ethnographic insights were 'presented' and descriptions of 12 bacteria species that showed resistance to one or more antibiotics (representing 176 bacterial isolates that showed resistance to one or more antibiotics found in the dust samples) were presented to the participants in a codesign workshop. An intervention, a new regime of cleaning practices agreed through the co-design workshop and practiced for thirty days, was made in (n = 7) households. The high prevalence of multidrug resistance observed in this study indicate the need for antibiotics surveillance program, not only in hospital settings but also in the household environment. Show less

The primary aim of this scoping review was to explore the contribution of housing adaptations to supporting everyday life for people with dementia living at home in the community. The study adopted a scoping review methodology which was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers Manual. Four review questions were developed which subsequently informed the inclusion criteria and search terms. Eight databases were searched resulting in 2,339 records, with 13 papers being included in the… Show more

The primary aim of this scoping review was to explore the contribution of housing adaptations to supporting everyday life for people with dementia living at home in the community. The study adopted a scoping review methodology which was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers Manual. Four review questions were developed which subsequently informed the inclusion criteria and search terms. Eight databases were searched resulting in 2,339 records, with 13 papers being included in the review. Evidence from the review found that the most common adaptations were recommended and/or implemented to compensate for a person's physical limitations and for safety reasons, rather than adaptations to support activities of daily living for a person with dementia. Support to implement adaptations was provided by a range of professionals coupled with ‘trial and error’ approaches adopted by the person themselves, and these were seen as key enablers. Barriers to implementing and using adaptations were fourfold: (a) access to information, (b) knowing when to make changes, (c) carer resistance, and (d) the unsuitability of the home. It would appear that housing adaptations have a positive impact on both the person with dementia and the carer (where one is present), with some adaptations having a relatively sustained impact and being particularly effective if implemented early in the lived trajectory of dementia. Show less

We are now, more than ever, aware of the social challenges that face us globally, keeping healthy is at the top of the list. Increasingly in the last ten years, designers have turned their attention not just to designing to alleviate and prevent illness but designing specifically to increase individual and community wellness and health. Digital health design has been one of those dimensions adopted to address the challenge. In this opinion piece we posit that in the domain of digital health all… Show more

We are now, more than ever, aware of the social challenges that face us globally, keeping healthy is at the top of the list. Increasingly in the last ten years, designers have turned their attention not just to designing to alleviate and prevent illness but designing specifically to increase individual and community wellness and health. Digital health design has been one of those dimensions adopted to address the challenge. In this opinion piece we posit that in the domain of digital health all design should be socially responsible in order for us to consider it good design. Drawing on the history of socially responsible design and the emergence of digital health applications we propose Ten Principles of Socially Responsible Digital Health Design. Show less

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a One Health problem underpinned by complex drivers and behaviours. This is particularly so in low – and middle-income countries (LMICs), where social and systemic factors fuel (mis)use and drive AMR. Behavioural change around antimicrobial use could safeguard both existing and future treatments. However, changing behaviour necessitates engaging with people to understand their experiences. This publication describes a knowledge-exchange cluster of six… Show more

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a One Health problem underpinned by complex drivers and behaviours. This is particularly so in low – and middle-income countries (LMICs), where social and systemic factors fuel (mis)use and drive AMR. Behavioural change around antimicrobial use could safeguard both existing and future treatments. However, changing behaviour necessitates engaging with people to understand their experiences. This publication describes a knowledge-exchange cluster of six LMIC-based projects who co-designed and answered a series of research questions around the usage of Community Engagement (CE) within AMR. Findings suggest that CE can facilitate AMR behaviour change, specifically in LMICs, because it is a contextualised approach which supports communities to develop locally meaningful solutions. However, current CE interventions focus on human aspects, and demand-side drivers, of AMR. Our cluster suggests that broader attention should be paid to AMR as a One Health issue. The popularity of mixed methods approaches within existing CE for AMR interventions suggests there is interdisciplinary interest in the uptake of CE. Unfortunately, the specificity and context-dependency of CE can make it difficult to evaluate and scale. Nevertheless, we suggest that in synthesising learnings from CE, we can develop a collective understanding of its scope to tackle AMR across contexts. Show less

This Case Study paper presents the first exploration of Speculative Design as a participatory democracy method for navigating the future of ageing in Malaysia. Speculative Design in the context of Global South is emerging, but without much data on how it is applied within different socio-economic conditions from the Global North countries. This Case Study considers the challenges and opportunities of employing Speculative Design as policy identification and development method from the context… Show more

This Case Study paper presents the first exploration of Speculative Design as a participatory democracy method for navigating the future of ageing in Malaysia. Speculative Design in the context of Global South is emerging, but without much data on how it is applied within different socio-economic conditions from the Global North countries. This Case Study considers the challenges and opportunities of employing Speculative Design as policy identification and development method from the context of Malaysia, a Global South country with its own unique characteristics. The paper concludes by suggesting that the novelty of Speculative Design as a policy-design approach in Global South countries, such as in Malaysia, requires the right selection of provocations and culturally familiar content to ease introduction of the methodology. Also, the efficacy of this approach as a participatory design application would require further enculturation within targeted communities, as well as sustained engagement through Champions. Show less

Global health crisis, such as antimicrobial resistance, threaten planetary health, as they have a direct impact on the environment, as well as to humans and animals. Personal and environmental hygiene form the best and most natural ways of reducing home infections and hence the need to take antibiotics. Despite this our understanding of cleaning in the home and interventions on home cleaning are limited. In this paper we present a project, which combined design research with environmental… Show more

Global health crisis, such as antimicrobial resistance, threaten planetary health, as they have a direct impact on the environment, as well as to humans and animals. Personal and environmental hygiene form the best and most natural ways of reducing home infections and hence the need to take antibiotics. Despite this our understanding of cleaning in the home and interventions on home cleaning are limited. In this paper we present a project, which combined design research with environmental microbiology, to address this issue and to co-design sustainable cleaning interventions for human and planetary health. We focus on the design of a co-design workshop which led to the development of cleaning interventions tested for a month by several households. We share the challenges faced and the lessons learnt, which we envisage will help guide design researchers moving into this exciting research field of planetary and human health. Show less

This paper draws on a pilot study insight into Brazilian informal-settlement communities’ problems, adaptative strategies and needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although communities play a noteworthy role in resilience, emergency and recovery plans often lack sufficient community engagement. This contributes to leaving particularly disadvantaged communities behind. Inequalities were further exacerbated during the pandemic, urging the deployment of plural and sustainable measures, which can… Show more

This paper draws on a pilot study insight into Brazilian informal-settlement communities’ problems, adaptative strategies and needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although communities play a noteworthy role in resilience, emergency and recovery plans often lack sufficient community engagement. This contributes to leaving particularly disadvantaged communities behind. Inequalities were further exacerbated during the pandemic, urging the deployment of plural and sustainable measures, which can promote equity in a global health crisis. Design can play a meaningful role in tackling inequalities in emergency and recovery. However, this role of design is still under-researched in resilience. We expand on related work analyses to draw on key design capabilities for the development of dialogic practices and policies aiming to contribute to designing effective participation of communities in decision-making processes. These key design capabilities support the development of dialogic design practices and policies by enhancing and supporting collaboration and communication throughout policy co-design. Show less

To balance production needs with the need to sustain or regenerate the health of ocean ecosystems, stakeholders in the European fish and seafood sector are calling for transition to a circular economy. New industry methods will produce fish-based foods that consumers are not accustomed to eating so we ask, what will it take for consumers to adopt these industrial circular economy foods? Taking the Seafood Age consortium product prototype as a basis, we have created a design method for would-be… Show more

To balance production needs with the need to sustain or regenerate the health of ocean ecosystems, stakeholders in the European fish and seafood sector are calling for transition to a circular economy. New industry methods will produce fish-based foods that consumers are not accustomed to eating so we ask, what will it take for consumers to adopt these industrial circular economy foods? Taking the Seafood Age consortium product prototype as a basis, we have created a design method for would-be consumers to reflect on their fish consumption practices and possible adoption of the fish product prototype prompted by a de-sign speculation. This paper reports on insights emerging from the research and recommendations for product adoption amongst consumers in the UK. Our findings have implications for food designers, design researchers and fish and sea-food, plus more broadly food industry stakeholders concerned with circular economy product and method adoption in industry. Show less

This paper identifies the value and challenges in introducing rapid prototyping of policy to design non-expert and expert groups by analysing an online workshop series that was conducted with early-career professionals, policy makers, and design researchers. The COVID-19 pandemic evidenced, even more, the need for situated policies in the area of health as global health policies were ineffective in addressing livelihood diversity, particularly of underserved communities. Therefore, the untapped… Show more

This paper identifies the value and challenges in introducing rapid prototyping of policy to design non-expert and expert groups by analysing an online workshop series that was conducted with early-career professionals, policy makers, and design researchers. The COVID-19 pandemic evidenced, even more, the need for situated policies in the area of health as global health policies were ineffective in addressing livelihood diversity, particularly of underserved communities. Therefore, the untapped potential of rapid prototyping for policy making in the area of global health is explored. We particularly analyse the creativity of the different groups who joined the workshop series and point out implications for the rapid prototype of situated global health policies in international low-resourceful settings. Show less

This transdisciplinary literature review paper aims at addressing the literature lacuna in community engagement and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in sub-Saharan countries. By responding to a set of identified WASH-related questions to community engagement, it explores through different disciplinary lenses the challenges and opportunities in this significant area that impacts human health. This transdisciplinary review brought together the disciplines of water engineering, environmental… Show more

This transdisciplinary literature review paper aims at addressing the literature lacuna in community engagement and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in sub-Saharan countries. By responding to a set of identified WASH-related questions to community engagement, it explores through different disciplinary lenses the challenges and opportunities in this significant area that impacts human health. This transdisciplinary review brought together the disciplines of water engineering, environmental microbiology, public health and infectious disease, design research, women and gender studies, and developmental studies. It examined over 430 papers with 29 papers included in the final review. The main findings suggest integrating women into leadership roles in community water management and water and sanitation programmes can lead to more sustainability and can make water projects more effective. Second, cultural preferences should be a key factor when planning and implementing WASH technologies and interventions. Third, for community engagement to be effective, it should be done with intentionality and over a longer period; and employ existing culturally embedded leadership structures, such as schoolteachers, religious leaders and train change agents. Show less

This Little Book tells you what Speculative Design is, what the benefits for policy-making are, and how it can be used by policy-makers.

This book is based on our research conducted for the ProtoPolicyAsia: empowering local communities and Government in Malaysia in addressing social issues in ageing and disabilities, funded by the AHRC.

This Little Book tells you what Speculative Design is, what the benefits for policy-making are, and how it can be used by policy-makers.

This book is based on our research conducted for the ProtoPolicyAsia: empowering local communities and Government in Malaysia in addressing social issues in ageing and disabilities, funded by the AHRC.

Design for Health illustrates the history of the development of design for health, the various design disciplines and domains to which design has contributed. Through 26 case studies presented in this book, the authors reveal a plethora of design research methodologies and research methods employed in design for health.

The editors also present, following a thematic analysis of the book chapters, seven challenges and seven areas of opportunity that designers are called upon to address… Show more

Design for Health illustrates the history of the development of design for health, the various design disciplines and domains to which design has contributed. Through 26 case studies presented in this book, the authors reveal a plethora of design research methodologies and research methods employed in design for health.

The editors also present, following a thematic analysis of the book chapters, seven challenges and seven areas of opportunity that designers are called upon to address within the context of healthcare. Furthermore, five emergent trends in design in healthcare are presented and discussed. This book will be of interest to students of design as well as designers and those working to improve the quality of healthcare. Show less

This study discovered ambidexterity aspects of digital design in NPD projects, from international organizational perspectives. The findings offer key understandings that can explain the dilemmatic relations by examining key differences of design priorities in new digital product development in the East and the West: namely the East focusing on ‘design output’; whereas the West expecting ‘design outcomes’. Based on this we propose two major scenarios that represent the different approaches to… Show more

This study discovered ambidexterity aspects of digital design in NPD projects, from international organizational perspectives. The findings offer key understandings that can explain the dilemmatic relations by examining key differences of design priorities in new digital product development in the East and the West: namely the East focusing on ‘design output’; whereas the West expecting ‘design outcomes’. Based on this we propose two major scenarios that represent the different approaches to managing design by organizational cultures. Show less

Wi–Fi protected access 2 (WPA2) is considered one of the most secure protocols employed in wireless local area networks (WLANs). This is despite of having significant security vulnerabilities. The aim of this paper is two–fold. Firstly it analyses the WPA2 security protocol and presents its weaknesses in detail. Secondly it presents a methodology that demonstrates how the WPA2 security protocol can be fully exposed by malicious attacks. Importantly, proposals on how to enhance its security are… Show more

Wi–Fi protected access 2 (WPA2) is considered one of the most secure protocols employed in wireless local area networks (WLANs). This is despite of having significant security vulnerabilities. The aim of this paper is two–fold. Firstly it analyses the WPA2 security protocol and presents its weaknesses in detail. Secondly it presents a methodology that demonstrates how the WPA2 security protocol can be fully exposed by malicious attacks. Importantly, proposals on how to enhance its security are offered. Show less

The Autostereoscopic Multiview 3D Display is robustly developed and widely adopted by both home and professional users however Multiview 3D content generation remains a great challenge. This paper proposes a novel method for Multiview 3D content generation and it describes the necessary steps for Holoscopic 3D image rendering for autostereoscopic Multiview 3D display. The Holoscopic imaging technology mimics the imaging system of insects, such as the fly, utilizing a single camera, equipped… Show more

The Autostereoscopic Multiview 3D Display is robustly developed and widely adopted by both home and professional users however Multiview 3D content generation remains a great challenge. This paper proposes a novel method for Multiview 3D content generation and it describes the necessary steps for Holoscopic 3D image rendering for autostereoscopic Multiview 3D display. The Holoscopic imaging technology mimics the imaging system of insects, such as the fly, utilizing a single camera, equipped with a large number of micro-lenses, to capture a scene, offering rich parallax information and enhanced 3D feeling without the need of wearing specific eyewear. In addition a 3D pixel mapping/conversion algorithm has been developed that is supported by the Multiview 3D display. Show less

We demonstrated a 3D holoscopic video system for 3DTV application. We showed that using a field lens and a square aperture significantly reduces the vignetting problem associated with a relay system and achieves over 95 percent fill factor. The main problem for such a relay system is the nonlinear distortion during the 3D image capturing, which can seriously affect the reconstruction process for a 3D display. The nonlinear distortion mainly includes lens radial distortion (intrinsic) and… Show more

We demonstrated a 3D holoscopic video system for 3DTV application. We showed that using a field lens and a square aperture significantly reduces the vignetting problem associated with a relay system and achieves over 95 percent fill factor. The main problem for such a relay system is the nonlinear distortion during the 3D image capturing, which can seriously affect the reconstruction process for a 3D display. The nonlinear distortion mainly includes lens radial distortion (intrinsic) and microlens array perspective distortion (extrinsic). This is the task of future work. Our results also show that the SS coding approach performs better than the standard HEVC scheme. Furthermore, we show that search and retrieval performance relies on the depth map's quality and that the multimodal fusion boosts the retrieval performance. Show less

The operational range and manoeuvrability of the modern infantry soldier is restricted by the overall load and bulk of
equipment ranging from 50 to 75 kg. Today’s soldiers rely heavily on batteries to meet their power requirements, which
make up 25% of the overall load. This results in a significant increase on soldier’s physical stress and cognitive burden.
Recent developments in renewable energy, and more particularly the evolution of very thin and flexible wearable… Show more

The operational range and manoeuvrability of the modern infantry soldier is restricted by the overall load and bulk of
equipment ranging from 50 to 75 kg. Today’s soldiers rely heavily on batteries to meet their power requirements, which
make up 25% of the overall load. This results in a significant increase on soldier’s physical stress and cognitive burden.
Recent developments in renewable energy, and more particularly the evolution of very thin and flexible wearable photovoltaic
devices, provide promising solutions for the application of such technologies on the infantry soldier. However,
since these flexible substrate devices are still under development or produced at a very small scale, their application and
use has to be simulated prior to integrating to the infantry soldier. Such simulations need to take into account the specific
requirements and different fields of operation of the infantry soldier, in the context of weather, date and time, global
location and for different military mission environments. This paper presents a number of simulations performed for a
wide range of scenarios in the context of the Solar Soldier project. It discusses the key results, offering a set of guidelines
for the positioning and integration of such renewable energy technology on the modern infantry soldier. Moreover, this
paper suggests future improvements on the methodology and optimisation of the procedures. Show less