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THE KINDS OF LOVE IN LANG LEAV’S LULLABIES
POETRY (2014): PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
A RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfilment of Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Proposed by:
Salsabila Dhia Maghfirah
A320160003
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2023
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APPROVAL
THE KINDS OF LOVE IN LANG LEAV’S LULLABIES POETRY
(2014): PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
by:
SALSABILA DHIA MAGHFIRAH
A320160003
Approved to be examined by the Consultant School of Teacher
Training and Education Faculty, Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta
Surakarta, May 12th, 2020
Approved by Consultant
(Dr.Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd, M.Ed)
NIDN: 060912750
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ACCEPTANCE
THE KINDS OF LOVE IN LANG LEAV’S LULLABIES
POETRY (2014): PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by:
SALSABILA DHIA MAGHFIRAH
A320160003
Accepted and Approved by Board Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Surakarta, June 23rd, 2023
Team of Examiner :
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed. (…………………………)
(Head of Examiner)
2. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S
(…………………………)
(Member I of Examiner)
3. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M.A
(…………………………)
(Member II of Examiner)
Dean
Prof. Dr. Sutama, M,Pd
NIP. 131943782
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TESTIMONY
I declare that this publication article is the result of my own research study.
As far as I know, there is no material that has been published or written by
the other researcher to be used and accepted as a partial to fulfil requirement
in university, except certain parts explained in the text, bibliography and
virtual references.
If this publication article is a plagiarism, imitation, or copying from other
research paper, I am ready to accept the punishment through academic and
law.
Surakarta, 18 April 2023
Salsabila Dhia Maghfirah
A320160003
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MOTTO
“In your life you will inevitably misspeak, trust the wrong people,
under-react, overreact, hurt the people who didn’t deserve it,
overthink, not think at all, self-sabotage, create a reality where only
your experience exists, ruin perfectly good moments for yourself and
others, deny any wrongdoing, not take the steps to make it right, feel
very guilt, let the guilty eat at you, hit rock bottom, finally address the
pain you caused, try to do better next time, rinse, repeat. And I’m not
going to lie, these mistakes will cause you to lose things. I’m trying to
tell you that losing things doesn’t just mean losing. A losing of the times,
when we lose things, we gain things too. Scary news is You’re on your
own now, Cool news is You’re on your own now.”
– Taylor Allison Swift, NYU’s 2022 Commencement Speech.
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DEDICATION
I dedicate this research paper to :
1. Myself, Salsabila Dhia Maghfirah.
2. My beloved parents, Mr. Binar Tjahyo Wahyuono and
Mrs. Wrestantin Sarworisty.
3. My beloved siblings, Abrar Rafif Risqullah and Zahirah Shafa
Nadhifah.
4. My beloved cats: Milo, Toto, Chimi, and Dobby.
5. My support system, muse, and lifetime idol, Taylor Allison Swift.
6. All of my best friends.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahhirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah
SWT to all his blessings. The deepest gratitude, appreciation, and
dedicated to :
1. Prof. Dr. Sutama, M,Pd. the dean of school of Teacher Training
and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M.A. The head of English Education
Department.
3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed, The consultant who has
given the valuable advice and motivation during the study.
4. All lecturers of Department of Teacher Training and English
Education, in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
5. Her beloved parents, Mr. Binar Tjahyo Wahyuono and Mrs.
Wrestantin Sarworisty who always support, being patient, and give
everything the writer needs until this paper done.
6. Her beloved brother, Abrar Rafif Rizqullah and sister, Zahirah
Shafa Nadifah.
7. Her lifetime idol, Taylor Allison Swift who teach her to not to give
up for dreams and to be great woman.
8. Thank to my best friends who cannot be mentioned one by one,
thank you very much for the happiness, sadness, and support.
Wassalamualaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh.
The Researcher
Salsabila Dhia Maghfirah
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THE KINDS OF LOVE IN LANG LEAV’S LULLABIES
POETRY (2014): PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
ABSTRAK
Cinta selalu menjadi bagian dari kehidupan manusia. Cinta
adalah kebutuhan jiwa manusia yang harus dipenuhi, tanpa cinta hidup
manusia akan terasa hampa dan gila. Meski cinta bisa membawa
kesedihan. Manusia sering mencari cinta untuk memuaskan kebutuhan
mentalnya. Kecantikan dan kesetiaan selalu melambangkan bentuk cinta.
Namun, belum ada yang menunjukkan bagaimana menyelesaikan proses
saat cinta hilang. Konsep cinta adalah bentuk pengaruh cinta terhadap
emosi manusia baik kebahagiaan, kesedihan, bahkan tragedi. Tujuan dari
penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan definisi cinta dalam puisi
menggunakan teori jenis-jenis cinta oleh Robert Sternberg dan perilaku
tokoh utama terhadap cinta menggunakan Teori Psikoanalitik Sigmund
Freud. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan jenis-jenis di
setiap tiga bab di puisi “Lullabies” dan mencari perilaku kebiasaan serta
mental karakter utama ketika menghadapi cinta. Analisis dilakukan
dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data untuk penelitian
ini dikumpulkan dari puisi-puisi di setiap bab kumpulan puisi "Lullabies"
Lang Leav yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2014, yaitu Duet, Interlude, dan
Finale, yang sesuai dengan teori. Pertama, peneliti akan membaca puisi
untuk menentukan maknanya. Data tersebut kemudian dikumpulkan dan
dianalisis dengan mengutip berbagai bait dan baris dari puisi tersebut.
Last but not least, berdasarkan puisi, tentukan karakter dalam puisi
"Lullabies", yaitu "She" dan "The Girl".
Keywords: Lullabies, Lang Leav, Love, Heartbroken, Kinds of Love,
Psychoanalytic Approach
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THE KINDS OF LOVE IN LANG LEAV’S LULLABIES
POETRY (2014): PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
ABSTRACT
Love is always be part of human’s life. Love is a need for the
human soul that must be fulfilled without its human life will feel empty
and madness. Even though love can bring sadness. Humans often seek
love to satisfy their mental needs. Beauty and loyalty always symbolize
the form of love. However, no one has shown how to complete the
process when love goes away. The concept of love is a form the way love
effect to human emotion whether happiness, sadness, even tragedy. The
objective of this research is to determine the definition of love in poetry
using Robert Sternberg's theory of Kinds of Love and the main
character's behavior toward love using Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic
Theory. The purpose of this research is to discover the kinds of love in
each poem on three chapters of “Lullabies” poetry by Lang Leav and
finding the main character’s behavior and mentality functioning while
facing love described by Psychoanalytic theory. The analysis is done
using a descriptive qualitative method. The data for this research are
gathered from poems in each chapter of Lang Leav's "Lullabies" poetry
collection published in 2014, namely Duet, Interlude, and Finale, which
correspond to the theories. Firstly, the researcher will read the poetry to
determine its significance. The data is then collected and analysed by
quoting various stanzas and lines from the poetry. Last but not least,
based on the poetry, specify that the character in the poem of “Lullabies”,
namely "She" and "The Girl".
Keywords: Lullabies, Lang Leav, Love, Heartbroken, Kinds of Love,
Psychoanalytic Approach
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER .......................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................. ii
TESTIMONY .............................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ........................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION ............................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................... vii
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................. viii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................. x
LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................... xii
CHAPTER I .................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1
A. Background of the Study .................................................................... 1
B. Identification of Problem.................................................................... 4
C. Limitation of the Study ...................................................................... 4
D. Objectives of the Study ...................................................................... 5
E. Benefits of the Study .......................................................................... 5
1. Theoretical Benefit ...................................................................... 5
2. Practical Benefit .......................................................................... 5
F. Research Paper Organization .............................................................. 6
CHAPTER II ................................................................................................ 7
LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................ 7
A. Underlying Theory ............................................................................. 7
1. The Notion of Psychoanalytic Theory ........................................ 7
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2. Psychoanalytic Theory by Sigmund Freud ................................. 8
3. Psychoanalytic and Literature ................................................... 12
4. The Notion of Love ................................................................... 12
5. The Kinds of Love by Robert J. Sternberg................................ 15
B. Previous Studies ............................................................................... 16
CHAPTER III ............................................................................................ 24
RESEARCH METHOD ............................................................................ 24
A. Type of the Study .......................................................................... 24
B. Object of the Study ........................................................................ 24
C. Type of Data and the Data Source ................................................. 24
D. Method of Collecting Data ............................................................ 25
E. Technique of Analysing Data ........................................................ 25
CHAPTER IV ............................................................................................. 27
FINDING AND DISCUSSION ................................................................. 27
A. Findings ......................................................................................... 27
B. Discussions .................................................................................... 36
1. The Kinds of Love..................................................................... 36
2. Psychoanalytic Theory ............................................................ 120
CHAPTER V ............................................................................................ 133
CLOSING ................................................................................................. 133
A. Conclusion ................................................................................... 133
B. Suggestions .................................................................................. 133
C. Educational Implication .............................................................. 134
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................... 135
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 NON-LOVE: DUET CHAPTER .......................................................... 27
Table 2 NON-LOVE: FINALE CHAPTER ...................................................... 28
Table 3 LIKING: DUET CHAPTER ................................................................. 28
Table 4 LIKING: INTERLUDE CHAPTER DUET ......................................... 28
Table 5 LIKING: FINALE CHAPTER ............................................................. 28
Table 6 INFATUATED: DUET CHAPTER ..................................................... 29
Table 7 INFATUATED: FINALE CHAPTER .................................................. 29
Table 8 EMPTY LOVE: DUET CHAPTER ..................................................... 30
Table 9 EMPTY LOVE: INTERLUDE CHAPTER .......................................... 30
Table 10 EMPTY LOVE: FINALE CHAPTER ................................................ 31
Table 11 ROMANTIC LOVE: DUET CHAPTER ............................................ 31
Table 12 ROMANTIC LOVE: INTERLUDE CHAPTER ................................ 32
Table 13 ROMANTIC LOVE: FINALE CHAPTER ........................................ 32
Table 14 COMPANIONATE LOVE: INTERLUDE CHAPTER ..................... 32
Table 15 FATUOS LOVE ................................................................................. 33
Table 16 DUET CHAPTER ............................................................................... 34
Table 17 INTERLUDE CHAPTER ................................................................... 34
Table 18 FINALE CHAPTER ........................................................................... 35