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Webology (ISSN: 1735-188X)
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Building Good Character In Muslim Youth: A Way
Forward In The Light Of The Fundamentals Of Islamic
Ethics
Dr. Muhammad Tayyeb Nadeem1 , Ms. Areeba Tariq2 , Ms. Hadia Khilji3 , Ms. Zoya
Akbar4
1Assistant Professor (Islamic Studies), Department of Sciences & Humanities, National
University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad. ORCID ID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5002-7522
2Under Graduate Business Analytics Scholar, FAST School of Management Sciences,
National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad.
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-479X
3Under Graduate Business Analytics Scholar, FAST School of Management Sciences,
National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad.
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8683-795X
4Under Graduate Business Analytics Scholar, FAST School of Management Sciences,
National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad.
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-2247
Abstract
The existence of Islamic ethics holds substantial importance in the development of character
building in Muslim youth. If a young mind leads a life according to the fundamentals of Islamic
ethics, he is directly obeying Allah’s commands and is following the religion. He feeds his soul
with honesty, justice, bravery, and the pursuit of knowledge. Another precedent of obeying
these ethics is that an individual can easily avoid the seven deadly sins. This paper discusses
the values of Islamic ethics alongside old and modern psychology, philosophy, and the
development of young minds (which is not dealt so far in this manner as per the humble
knowledge of the researcher). It explains how adapting these ethics can bring peace to oneself
and how it helps one to become a more suitable member of society. By widely referencing the
1 The authors wish to thank Ms. Farheen Akhtar from Dept. of Business Analytics, FAST School of Management,
National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, Islamabad for proof-reading of this work.

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Qurān, the paper elaborates the punishments and consequences of the seven deadly sins; and
how Islam protects against them. This research helps learn the role of Islamic ethics in the
character building of young minds and mental health peace within the society.
Keywords: Islamic Ethics, Character Building, Psychology, Seven Deadly Sins, Young Mind.
Introduction
Islam is said to be a religion of all times where ancient and modern-day psychology prove this
idea to be present in all walks of life. Prior to the development of modern day psychology that
deals with human behavior, the human relationship with soul has been a subject of exploration
and has evolved to be a phenomenon of learning. Islamic Ethics first had a relationship with
psychology and now since the current psychology is studied in more depth, a connection
between it and Islamic ethics can be seen. To understand the effects of Islamic Ethics in
Character Development; both forms of psychology are to be studied in-depth, evaluating their
effects with and without its presence. But before that, understanding the root meaning of words
is necessary as it will help create a more accurate mind map.
Character Development is an important asset that helps recognize the important virtues within
and keeps the society’s eudaimonia intact. Linguistically, the term character has been derived
from the Greek language, where charassein means to carve; and in Latin it means psychiatric
traits; summing up to denote human nature in general.2 Those people who have a good character
can be referred to as; those people that can assemble their emotional, psychological, and ethical
behaviour. Whereas ethics refers to the moral principles that control human behaviour; while
philosophers have described it as the science of the human soul, defining the characteristics
and means to control them. Moreover, it is argued that by adapting religious ethics; civilizations
make best use of life that benefits society.
Psychology and Islam
The five fields of Intellectual inquiry in Islam are: teachings through the Quran, Hadith,
jurisprudence (‘ilm al fiqah), dialectical theology (ilm al-kalam), philosophy (falsafah), and
mysticism (tasawwuf). The mentioned areas talk about the moral problems in detail with
varying degree of eminence. The changes in the nature of these fields has left an impact on the
scope of ethical discussion in these disciplines and its connection with other topics like
metaphysics, psychology, and logic. It connects the concerned topics with guidance,
psychology, and ethics, providing principles in a manner that it is easy to be interpreted by
anyone interested to learn from it.
The Quran ultimately guides its follower towards contentment, which is dependent upon the
betterment of the souls and can be only achieved by ethico-religious practices. Other subjects
for example economics, psychology, and politics, are linked to ethics as its background or in a
supportive role. Although neither psychology nor any of the other subjects is managed in a
conceptual and complex way, and the correlations are not made definite because it is not
requisite for ethico-religious practices. This is similar to prophetic traditions, except that it is
2 “The Characteristics of Character”, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-
play/word-history-of-character-origins

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more elaborate since the prophetic traditions are the explanation of the teachings of Allah in
the Quran.3
The Jurisprudence of early Islamic times has four prime principles: firstly, the religious doings
(‘ibadah), then the financial dealing within a society (muamalat), third marriage (nikah), and
lastly crimes (jinayat). Islamic Jurisprudence is derived from the Quran and Sunnah; while
composing, the jurists considered having the social environment where these laws would prove
to be fruitful. The psychological aspect of human existence has also been considered, but it is
compared to psychology, in intellect that has nurtured under Islamic values. This role in
jurisprudence of psychology is because of these laws that endured for this world’s proper
ordering of affairs.
In jurisprudence, psychological concepts are considered to a restricted extent. Namely these
are intention (niyya), will (irada), and motive (gharad) and instincts. When specific laws of
jurisprudence are formulated, these phenomena are taken into consideration. Islamic Theology
aims to defend religious belief in contradiction to innovation and heretical aberrations. This
credence is constructed on Quranic and Prophetic traditions as the basis of the well-being in
secular and religious affairs. Here lay the source of evil and good, their relationship with God,
reason of existence of pain and evil in the world, and whether terms like obligatory / good /
may be termed in connection to God’s command / prohibition.4
The study of issues in the theological system has condensed in exploring psychological issues.
Mental health processes that lead to action- knowledge including power, motive, will etc., have
been studied thoroughly. This study is conducted, following the analytical method where
theological ethics are considered as analytical ethics in comparison to the philosophical ethics.
The Philosophical ethics in Islam from the medieval Muslim philosophers has a relationship
between the Greek attitude towards psychology and ethics. Muslim philosophers,
complemented the Greek notions with psychological education, derived from Islam and the
work of the Sufis.
Sufism is an Islamic discipline that uses psychology more than Islamic philosophy. Sufism’s
main aim is to attain happiness in the hereafter and the happiness depends upon the progress
of the soul towards the right direction. To attain this progress it is necessary to gain
understanding about the nature of the soul, its purpose, its return and the reason why it will be
reunited with the body. A substantial utilization of psychology is perceived in the writings of
al Ghazali in which sacred passages on different psychological themes have been dedicated to
psychological discussions (knowledge of ethics, deep psychology, and metaphysical
foundations).5
3 Adibah Binti Abdul Rahim, “Understanding Islamic Ethics and Its Significance on the
Character Building”, International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2013, pp. 508-513
4 Mansoureh Ebrahimi & Kamaruzaman Yusoff ,“Islamic Identity, Ethical Principles and Human Values”,
European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2017, pp. 326- 337
5 Hatice P. Kemahlı, “Four Inclinations in Human Nature: Evaluated in Light of Al-Ghazz�l�’s Concept of the
Heart”, Spiritual Psychology & Counseling, February 5, 2017, pp. 9-30.

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The use of psychological teachings in ethics of philosophers and Sufis is divided into two
groups. Firstly, the understanding of an ethical system, where theories serve as a background
for ethical teachings, or they are more directly involved. The second category enlists
psychological teachings that are associated to specific fragments of an ethical system.
Psychological teachings of the second type are different yet importance; some are vital to
morals while the rest only enhance the significance. Psychological theories that are involved
in Sufi or Philosophical ethics are: theory of the soul as a substance, dualism, interactionism,
theory of circular relationship between the soul-body, and theory of faculties of the soul.6
The western philosophers and psychologists have expounded these aspects; however, the
Muslim moralists have not done it in the same way. Muslim philosophers and Sufis have
deduced the moral goal and how it can be achieved. The idea of perpetual existence of the soul
after death is taken very seriously by the Sufis. The ultimate goal taught is the development of
the soul in a positive direction, so that the ethics of the soul can be recognized. Psychological
dualism is the same feature of body and soul as a substance where the soul and the body are in
opposition in terms of their states, qualities, and essence (body being an instrument while soul
is the real person). This concept of Aristotle and Peripatetic comprehend the human body as a
prison house of the soul.7
Muslim Thinkers believe that since the soul is a separate entity, thus, the highest goal should
be to live an intellect-devoted life, which is the essence of the soul.8 The Sufis continue all
practical, theoretical, and moral efforts for the improvement of the soul. Both Sufis and
philosophers argue that the body must be treated well so that the soul develops. All that has
been mentioned concerning psychology, a question arises regarding the two schools of
behaviourism and psychoanalysis. An answer can be obtained by endeavored with the
disagreement and agreement of Islamic Principles and Modern psychology.
Modern psychology has detrimental features towards Islamic ethics. It teaches that preceding
events determine human actions and denies the existence of a soul which survives the death of
the body. This is the reason that a soul cannot be experimented upon and modern
psychoanalysis shows all religious beliefs are elaborated psychologically. However, there are
modern Psychology theories that agree with Islamic ethics that are useful to educate the youth
with the moral and religious guidance such as the theory of self-realization / self-development
which suggests that impulses and instincts in humans are there to attend his desires.
All aspects of character development play a role to discover a harmonized manifestation in a
person’s life. This process is different from repression of instincts to a point of its extinction.
Thus, the idea of a flawlessly developed character there is not complete freedom nor extinction;
but is to keep alignment with Islamic instructions. Psychoanalytic is another theory which deals
with the treatment of mental abnormality. One of the very steps has similarity to the methods
6 L�pez-Farjeat & Luis Xavier, “al-Farabi’s Psychology and Epistemology”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,
April 26, 2020. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/al-farabi-psych/#Bib
7 Marcelo Diego Boeri, “Plato and Aristotle on What Is Common to Soul and Body. Some Remarks on a
Complicated Issue”, ResearchGate, 2018, pp. 153-176
8 Ivry & Alfred, “Arabic and Islamic Psychology and Philosophy of Mind”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,
May 29, 2012. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/arabic-islamic-mind/

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of correcting evil characters, mentioned by Muslim Philosophers. According to Sufis and
Moral philosophers, it is claimed that for curing moral disease within the soul, evil or vice
character traits; initially the reasons have to be identified and later these causes have to be
removed using appropriate means.9
Apart from this, there are many other degrees of modern psychology that agree with Islam, for
example, theories of individual’s natural development, learning and habit formation. Impact of
environmental atmosphere upon development of character, and amendment of evil habits, are
possible by the formation of positive conduct. If an individual has inclination towards negative
habits, the solution is to amend those practices by replacing them with good ones. Henry
Sidgwick, on psychology relating to the western ethics, argued about ethics belonging to a
portion of psychology.10 A related conclusion can be deduced on the connection that exists
amongst Islamic ethics, as well as psychology.
How Islamic Ethics Bring Inner and Outer Peace
INNER PEACE
Muslims who are in dire need of inner peace or who are in discomfort will usually look for
guidance in Islamic teachings as they need their questions to be addressed and answered
promptly. Islam does play a vital role in bringing satisfaction in the lives of Muslims; however,
it is only possible if they are sincerely indulging in the beliefs, worship, abstaining from what
is forbidden, and following the fard (obligatory) practices. This does not mean that Muslims
are not allowed to have an opinion of their own, in fact, it means that they should carry out all
their activities by keeping in mind that they are doing it only for the sake of worshipping and
being grateful to Allah alone. As the Holy Quran states: “O you who have believed, seek help
through patience and prayer. Indeed, Allah is with the patient.” [2:153]11 Constantly
remembering and being in the state of gratitude towards Allah will make it easier for those
Muslims who find themselves divided between worldly affairs and faith, since they have found
a purpose in this life. Moreover, living life with a purpose will also make the hereafter worth
living and all the sacrifices of this world will also be paid-off fairly. Moreover, living a life
with that sole purpose and reward in mind will bring inner peace and Muslims will be able to
understand the concept of life. The Quran states: “And you will remember what I say to you,
and I entrust my affair to Allah. Indeed, Allah (is) All-Seer of (His) slaves.”(40:44)12
Nowadays, Muslims find Islam confusing due to the lack of implementation of Islam ethics in
their daily lives and because of cultural differences of various nations in the world. One can
always consult Quran and Sunnah (Hadiths), and even authentic Muslim scholars who can
answer their questions and guide them towards the straight path13.
9 Mohd Hasrul Shuhari, “An Ethical Aspect of Character Building: Ibn Sina's Perspective”, Journal of Legal,
Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 2019, vol. 22
10 Vahidvazhakkad Vahidmanu, “Psychology in Islamic Ethics”, Academia, 1981, pp. 213-227
11 Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 153
12 Surah Ghafir, Verse 44
13 Dr. Rabia Malik, “Islamic Ethics and Psychology”, Research Center for Islamic Legislation and Ethics, 2020

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OUTER PEACE
This part deals with how a person tackles the worldly affairs by keeping in mind all the religious
beliefs and dealing with all the tough and easy phases of life, either by being grateful or only
praying and asking Allah about all our situations. The Holy Prophet (pbuh) is a perfect example
and role model for us to follow. In a sahih hadith by Muwatta Malik, it was reported that the
Holy Prophet said: “I have been sent to perfect good character.”14 Furthermore, if a person is
just and he does not do anything wrong in this world with anyone, he will surely attain peace
in this life and Allah will also send blessings in his life. Similarly, even if things are not
according to the wishes of a person, if he has faith, he will look at things with a positive mindset
and he will mostly believe that whatever is happening, it is due to the will of Allah and there
might be something beneficial for him in it. Any Muslim with such belief will most likely be
calm and he will think and ask Allah before doing anything. The Holy Quran proclaims: "Verily
in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest." (13:28)15
Becoming Functioning Members of Society by Implementing Islamic Ethics
Islam is a complete code of life and all the Islamic principles, provided to mankind, are a
diverse and concrete set of guidelines that instruct them to become an active member of the
society by following said principles. These principles are for mankind so that they know how
to better differentiate between good and evil. Not only that but these principles advocate the
idea that mankind should be better in sync with themselves, their souls and most importantly
the people that are surrounding them, their community. The holy book of Quran, which, in
itself, is a complete book of guidelines, encourages and advises mankind to maintain high
standards of social ethics for the betterment of every living being put on this planet earth.
In a paper by Fazlur Rahman on “The Status of the Individual in Islam”, Rahman claims that
Muslims and non-Muslims, both groups agree on the fact that Islam is a religion that highlights the
importance of society and how it is crucial for an individual to actively interact in a community
rather than living life individualistically. He states that Islam, in its essence, is a “social religion”
and it primarily encourages mankind to exist collectively16.
The teachings of Quran and Sunnah have always put immense importance on the fact that in order
to live a complete and gratified life, an individual must know or learn how to engage with their
community while maintaining high standards of ethics. Only then can one become a functioning
part of the society.
In an article by Yueqin Liu on “The Coordination Function of Islamic Ethics in Transforming
Islamic Societies”, Liu states, “Islam believes that creating a harmonious relationship between
human beings is an implication of creating harmony between man and Allah”17.
This claim by Liu aligns with the Islamic concept of Haqooq-ul-Ibad (rights and duties of the
creations of God, Allah Almighty). This Islamic concept highlights that one soul has some rights
14 Source: al-Muwaṭṭa’ 1614
15 Surah Ar-Ra’d, Verse 28
16 Fazlur Rahman, “The Status of the Individual in Islam”, Islamic Research Institute, 1966, pp. 319–30
17 Yueqin Liu, “The Coordination Function of Islamic Ethics in Transforming Islamic Societies”, Journal of Middle
Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), 2011, pp. 17-36

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and duties over the other and they are expected to fulfill these duties by interacting in the most
positive and reasonable way possible so as to achieve the highest level of piety, and only then can
they have a strong connection with God, Allah Almighty.
Adding on, it is repeatedly mentioned in Quran and Sunnah that one must maintain all levels of
respect and tolerance for other living beings, and that every individual deserves respect despite their
caste, color, and creed. “A Muslim is a brother to another” narrated by Abdullah Ibn Umar, a
companion of the holy prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
A theoretical concept that also advocates this stance is Ummat ul-Islam, meaning “The collective
community of Islamic people all over the world” and all Muslim are to stay united despite their
divisions, i.e., nation, race, and class. Though this concept is restricted to only Muslim communities,
but all Muslims are also encouraged to engage with individuals from different religions without any
bias, as Islam is a religion of equality, peace, and prosperity. The Quran says, “There is no
compulsion in religion” (2: 256)18
To summarize, Islamic ethics provide us with all the tools to become a better part of the community
so as to have a positive impact on the society and the world at large. Having interpersonal
relationships is a major part of being a Muslim and so it is highly encouraged in Islam.
Islamic Ethics vs The Seven Deadly Sins
A major sin in Islam refers to something that is forbidden by Allah and His Messenger in the
Quran and Sunnah. As narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim in a sahih hadith, the Holy Prophet
(pbuh) describes the seven deadly sins that inevitably dooms a person to Hell:
The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Avoid the seven great destructive sins." They (the people!) asked,
"O Allah's Apostle! What are they?" He said, "To join partners in worship with Allah; to
practice sorcery; to kill the life which Allah has forbidden except for a just cause (according to
Islamic law); to eat up usury (Riba), to eat up the property of an orphan; to give one's back to
the enemy and fleeing from the battle-field at the time of fighting and to accuse chaste women
who never even think of anything touching chastity and are good believers." 19
Shirk
Shirk means associating partners with Allah, and indeed it is the greatest of all sins. It goes
against the fundamental core of a Muslim’s faith, i.e., “Tawhid” or Oneness of Allah. Shirk
can be divided into two categories:
1. Ash-Shirk al-Akbar (The major shirk)
2. Ash-Shirk al-Asghar (The minor shirk)
Ash-Shirk al-Akbar refers to worshipping something or someone other than Allah and is a
common practice in Idolatry and Polytheism. Those who commit this Major Shirk will never
be forgiven as the Holy Quran states:
18 Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 256
19 Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī6857, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 89

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“Indeed, Allah does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than that
for whom He wills. And he who associates others with Allah has certainly fabricated a
tremendous sin.” (Verse 4:48) 20
These people will have all their good deeds wiped away and abode in Hell. Ash-Shirk al-
Asghar, however, is linked with the heart, i.e., worshipping Allah and doing good deeds just to
find praise and fame from people. Examples include showing off your good deeds on purpose
for the sake of validation from people and not for the sake of Allah. Another example would
be to swear by other than Allah, such as ‘I swear by my mother’ or ‘I swear by my child’ etc.21.
The Holy Prophet (pbuh) has said: “Whoever swears (makes oath) by other than Allah has
committed shirk.” (Sahih hadith, narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawood, al-Tirmidhi) 22
Hence, Islam promotes monotheism and Oneness of Allah in Muslims so that it gives
individual’s a purpose and a sense of understanding of God’s creations. Moreover, Tawhid
brings serenity and peace to the mind, as well as purifies the heart. Individuals get a sense of
clarity since they know the meaning of their creation is to worship Allah and live in accordance
with His rules (Aqeedah Tawhid). The Holy Quran supports this by saying: “And I did not
create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me.”23 Furthermore, it unites the entire Ummah
together under one message and establishes peace and prosperity in society, preventing the
internal chaos of existential crisis and engaging the mind to see Allah’s creation for themselves.
“Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the
day are signs for those of understanding.” (3:190) 24
Practicing Witchcraft
Also known as ‘sihr’, sorcery is also a kind of shirk since it involves worshipping jinns and
misguiding people. It should be noted that magic is different from miracles, and black magic
only causes harm and creates illusions. As the Holy Quran mentions:
“And they followed [instead] what the devils had recited during the reign of Solomon. It was
not Solomon who disbelieved, but the devils disbelieved, teaching people magic and that which
was revealed to the two angels at Babylon, Harut and Marut. But the two angels do not teach
anyone unless they say, “We are a trial, so do not disbelieve [by practicing magic].” And [yet]
they learn from them that by which they cause separation between a man and his wife. But they
do not harm anyone through it except by permission of Allah. And the people learn what harms
them and does not benefit them. But the Children of Israel certainly knew that whoever
purchased the magic would not have in the Hereafter any share. And wretched is that for which
they sold themselves, if they only knew.” (2:102)25
Islam condemns any kind of magic, including horoscopes and fortune-telling, because no one
has the knowledge of the future except for Allah, and those who claim that they do are
20 Chapter (4) sūrat l-nisāa (The Women)
21 Dr. Abu Bakr Bhutta & Dr. Bilal Hussain, “The Concept of Shirk”, Al-EEQAZ, 2021, pp. 1-10
22 Riyaad us–Saaliheen, book 17, chapter 314, hadeeth #1711
23 Surah Adh-Dhariyat:56
24 Chapter (3) sūrat āl ʿim'rān (The Family of Imrān), verse 190
25 Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 102

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deceiving people. The Holy Prophet said: "If I had the knowledge of the unseen, I should have
secured abundance for myself, and no evil would have touched me" (Holy Quran 7:188)26
This verse highlights that even prophets did not know what the future would hold. And
although many messengers were blessed with miracles, such as how Prophet Abraham was
saved miraculously from the fire by Allah who made the flames cool and peaceful; Moses could
separate the sea with his staff, and Jesus could heal the blind, lepers and bring the dead back to
life. These miracles were all used to denote the existence of God and help humanity, whereas
magic is deceptive and can only cause harm to others. Such disbelievers who have strayed the
righteous path will not be able to enter Paradise, no matter how much they repent. The Holy
Prophet also advises Muslims to recite the Verse of the Throne (Ayat-ul-Kursi) each time after
every obligatory prayer to protect themselves from magic. The translation is as follows:
"Allah! There is no God save Him, the Alive, and the Eternal. Neither slumber nor sleep
overtakes Him. Unto Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. Who
is he that intercedes with Him save by His leave? He knows that which is in front of them and
that which is behind them, while they encompass nothing of His knowledge save what He will.
His chair encompasses the heavens and the earth, and He is never weary of preserving them.
He is the sublime, the Tremendous" (2:255)27.
Killing A Life Unjustly
Allah the Almighty has honored man by breathing life into him and placing him superior to all
the other creations in the heavens and earth. Therefore, as Muslims, we should appreciate God’s
creation and admire His magnificence. Yet, at what point does taking life becomes permissible?
The Holy Quran says: “And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden, except by right.”
(Verse 17:33) 28 It is narrated that the Holy Prophet (pbuh) permitted the right to take souls on
certain conditions, as reported:
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “It is not permissible
to spill the blood of a Muslim except in three [instances]: the married person who commits
adultery, a life for a life, and the one who forsakes his religion and separates from the
community.” [Al-Bukhari] [Muslim] 29
However, Islam condemns mindless bloodshed and reiterates the importance of the
preservation and protection of life. Allah has set out a great punishment to those who take away
life unlawfully30, as stated in the Holy Quran: “But whoever kills a believer intentionally - his
recompense is Hell, wherein he will abide eternally, and Allah has become angry with him and
has cursed him and has prepared for him a great punishment.” (Verse 4:93) 31
In addition, the Holy Prophet has declared killing a believer as one of the gravest of sins:
26 Surah Al-A’raf, Verse 188
27 Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 255
28 Chapter (17) sūrat l-isrā (The Night Journey), verse 33
29 Al-Bukhari, Muslim, “40 Hadith an-Nawawi”, Hadith no. 14
30 Sayyid Kamal Faqih Imani, “An Enlightening Commentary into the Light of the Holy Qur'an vol. 4”, Imam Ali
Foundation, 2014, p. 80
31 Chapter (4) sūrat l-nisāa (The Women), verse 43

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"If this world were to be destroyed, that would be less significant before Allah than the unlawful
killing of a believer." [Ibn Majah] 32
Similarly, killing a non-Muslim living under the protection of a Muslim ruler is also
condemned. `Abdullah bin `Amr narrated that the Holy Prophet (pbuh) said: “Whoever killed
a Mu'ahid (a person who is granted the pledge of protection by the Muslims) shall not smell
the fragrance of Paradise though its fragrance can be smelt at a distance of forty years (of
traveling).” [Al-Bukhari] 33
Moreover, this applies to committing suicide as well, as Allah warns us against this by stating:
“And do not kill yourselves [or one another]. Indeed, Allah is to you ever Merciful.” (4:29)34.
So, we should be thankful for our lives and express gratitude to God for everything he has
given us. When we open the Quran, the first chapter starts with ‘Alhamdullilah’ which means
“praise be to God”, but in reality, it is another way of expressing gratitude in our daily lives.
When someone asks us how our day went, Muslims usually reply with “Alhamdullilah.” In this
way, Islam teaches us to be thankful throughout the day, from waking up to eating to drinking
water etc., hence, our lives revolve around portraying gratitude towards Allah. The evidence is
supported by chapter 55 of the Holy Quran titled Surah Ar-Rahman, as Allah repeats the same
question thirty-one times, “So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?” (55:61)35
Consuming Riba (Interest)
Riba (Usuary or Interest) refers to unreasonably high interest rates. Islam has banned practicing
Riba as it is used to make exploitive gains from business and trade. Moreover, there are two
types of Riba:
1. Riba An Nasiyah
2. Riba Al Fadl
Riba An Nasiyah is the excess amount given above the principle amount on a loan or cash,
while Riba Al Fadl is the overcompensation, without any consideration, from a sale of goods.
This means that we should exchange goods according to the equal market value of the
commodity. The Holy Prophet has clarified this by saying:
“Sell gold in exchange of equivalent gold, sell silver in exchange of equivalent silver, sell dates
in exchange of equivalent dates, sell wheat in exchange of equivalent wheat, sell salt in
exchange of equivalent salt, sell barley in exchange of equivalent barley, but if a person
transacts in excess, it will be Riba. However, sell gold for silver anyway, you please on the
condition, it is hand-to-hand and sell barley for date anyway, you please on the condition, it is
hand-to-hand.” [Muslim]36
32 Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadith no. 2617
33 Sahih al-Bukhari 6914
34 Surah An-Nisa, verse 29
35 Surah Ar-Rahman, verse 61
36 Sunan an-Nasa'i 4560

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Allah has strongly condemned this act since it spews greed and unlawful desires at the expense
of others. The Holy Quran accentuates this fact several times, such as in Surah Al-Baqarah,
Verse 275:
“Those who consume interest cannot stand [on the Day of Resurrection] except as one stands
who is being beaten by Satan into insanity. That is because they say, “Trade is [just] like
interest.” But Allah has permitted trade and has forbidden interest. So whoever has received an
admonition from his Lord and desists may have what is past, and his affair rests with Allah .
But whoever returns to [dealing in interest or usury] – those are the companions of the Fire;
they will abide eternally therein.” (2:275)37
Therefore, Islam teaches believers to resist the temptation of Greed and remain humble in
accordance with the rules of Allah. The practice will eventually develop steadfastness and
remove materialistic desires, as the believers know this world is only a trial period to test our
faith and the temptations are the obstacles we must persevere through. Indeed, Allah is ever
Merciful, and he rewards the believer who spends his wealth in the way of Allah (by giving
Zakat). Not only does giving Zakat help create a sense of brotherhood and humility between
individuals, but it also creates economic equality and abolishes classes in society. And for this
act, Allah writes the reward in Surah Ar-Rum: “And whatever you give for interest to increase
within the wealth of people will not increase with Allah. But what you give in Zakat, desiring
the countenance of Allah - those are the multipliers.” (30:39)38
Devouring An Orphan’s Wealth
There is great emphasis on protecting and taking care of orphans in Islam, since they are weak
and vulnerable. Moreover, protecting their property and wealth is of even greater importance
as children cannot look after it themselves. The Holy Prophet (pbuh) was himself an orphan
and instructs us to take care of children who do not have their parents or fathers. Yet, those
who possess an orphan’s wealth for themselves will be severely punished by Allah with fire in
their stomachs, as written in Surah Al-Nisa:
“Indeed, those who devour the property of orphans unjustly are only consuming into their
bellies fire. And they will be burned in a Blaze (i.e., Hellfire)” (4:10)39
Similarly, exchanging one’s defective possessions with an orphan’s good possessions is a
major sin and will not be forgiven on the Day of Judgement.
“And give to the orphans their properties and do not substitute the defective [of your own] for
the good [of theirs]. And do not consume their properties into your own. Indeed, that is ever a
great sin” (4:2)40
Furthermore, betraying an orphan’s trust and suppressing them will result in their children
having the same fate as the orphan’s. The Quran states:
37 Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 275
38 Surah Ar-Rum, verse 39
39 Surah An-Nisa, verse 10
40 Surah An-Nisa, verse 2

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“And let those [executors and guardians] fear [injustice] as if they [themselves] had left weak
offspring behind and feared for them. So let them fear Allah and speak words of appropriate
justice” (4:9)41
Thus, it is crucial to take full responsibility of an orphan and his wealth if one is their guardian.
We should treat the orphans like our own children and hand them back their property once they
become adults. Allah blesses the person who raises an orphan properly and the individual
elevates his status in the eyes of Allah. In addition, taking care of an orphan softens a person’s
heart and makes them kinder and gentler. A story by Abu Huraira supports this claim when he
reported that a man came to the Messenger of Allah to complain about the hardness of his heart.
The Holy Prophet advised him by saying: “If you want to soften your heart, feed the poor and
pat the head of the orphan.” 42 Moreover, taking care of an orphan is a continuous form of
charity, even after death. The Holy Prophet said: “When a person dies, his deeds come to an
end except for three: sadaqah jariyah (a continuous charity), or knowledge from which benefit
is gained, or a righteous child who prays for him.” [Muslim]43
Fleeing From the Battlefield
Islam allows believers to go at war when their peace and religion is threatened by a growing
oppressor. However, if someone flees from the battlefield and runs away in times of need, it
could affect the troops’ morale and cause them to lose battle. And indeed, such cowardice and
treachery is a major sin in Islam. The Quran states: “O you who have believed, when you meet
those who disbelieve advancing [for battle], do not turn to them your backs [in flight].” (8:15)44
When we think of fighting in the name of Allah, we think of the word “Jihad.” The literal
meaning of Jihad is to “exert oneself” and the religious meaning is to exert our power at the
utmost capacity in the cause of Allah45. To protect and preserve an ummah’s life, religion,
progeny, intellect, and property, one must go at war if no negotiations could be made with the
enemy. The Quran highlights that there are two types of wars: one for the sake of Allah and
the other for the sake of evil. As indicated below:
“Those who believe fight in the cause of Allah , and those who disbelieve fight in the cause of
Taghut. So fight against the allies of Satan. Indeed, the plot of Satan has ever been weak.”
(4:76)46
Hence, when a believer goes to battle, he must remain steadfast and have full faith in Allah to
help him in battle. In addition, his attitude should not be boastful or proud, and he must be fully
aware of the cause he is fighting for. These Islamic principles help bring unity among Muslims
on the battlefield and a sense of purpose. Not to mention, fighting alongside each other will
inculcate courage, bravery, dignity, and honor; and Allah will reward these individuals for their
fearlessness. The Holy Quran affirms this by saying:
41 Surah An-Nisa, verse 9
42 Source: Musnad Aḥmad 7576
43 Reference: Riyad as-Salihin 1383
44 Surah Al-Anfal, verse 15
45 Muslim, “THE BOOK OF JIHAD AND EXPEDITION (Translated by Abdul Hamid Siddiqui)”, Routledge, 2019,
Book 19
46 Surah An-Nisa, verse 76

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“Indeed, those who have believed and those who have emigrated and fought in the cause of
Allah - those expect the mercy of Allah. And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.” (2:218)47
“And never think of those who have been killed in the cause of Allah as dead. Rather, they are
alive with their Lord, receiving provision,” (3:169)48
Accusing Chaste Women of Adultery
The Islamic Law (Shariah) sets down a heavy penalty for adultery and fornication, a
punishment of hundred lashes each. This process is only done by going through proper
legislation in accordance with the law. Therefore, it should be noted that Islam does encourage
severe punishments, rather it is a code of life that establishes these rules to protect people from
grave sins and promote a clean and morally pure way of life. However, slandering chaste and
virtuous women is a grave sin because a person is wrongfully accusing them of a crime they
never did. Such accusers are also known as liars, unbelievers, hypocrites, oppressors,
polytheists, mischief-makers, perjurers etc. Allah says: “Verily, those who accuse chaste
women, who never even think of anything touching their chastity and are good believers – are
cursed in this life and in the Hereafter, and for them will be a great torment” (24:23)49. Allah
has warned all believers to be aware of their thoughts and actions, as evil thoughts, and deeds
seep in gradually and unknowingly. The Holy Quran states:
“O you who have believed, do not follow the footsteps of Satan. And whoever follows the
footsteps of Satan - indeed, he enjoins immorality and wrongdoing. And if not for the favor of
Allah upon you and His mercy, not one of you would have been pure, ever, but Allah purifies
whom He wills, and Allah is Hearing and Knowing.” (24:21)50
As a result of Satan’s temptations, the Liar speaks false accusations with no repercussions.
Consequently, lack of trust, suspicions, and doubts spread throughout the Muslim community
and every individual starts suspecting each other; the wife doubts the husband, the husband
doubts the wife, and people doubt their legitimacy.51 Hence, it stains the reputation of the
community. To protect people’s honor and prevent the spread of false accusations, Allah has
set a huge punishment for the deceivers as stated in the Holy Quran: “And those who accuse
chaste women and then do not produce four witnesses - lash them with eighty lashes and do
not accept from them testimony ever after. And those are the defiantly disobedient,” (24:4)52
Moreover, on the Day of Judgement, it is stated in the Holy Quran that the accuser will have
every limb of their body speak against him and testify the truth:
“On the day when their tongues and their hands and their feet testify against them as to what
they used to do.” (24:24)53
47 Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 218
48 Surah Al-Imran, verse 169
49 Surah An-Nur, verse 23
50 Surah An-Nur, verse 21
51 Sayyid Kamal Faqih Imani, “An Enlightening Commentary into the Light of the Holy Qur'an vol. 11”, Imam Ali
Foundation, 2014, p. 164
52 Surah An-Nur, verse 4
53 Surah An-Nur, verse 24

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Thus, as Muslims, we should refrain from lying and wrongfully accusing someone of any type
of crime. Such hypocrisy only corrupts the heart and soul and fills the mind with negativity.
As such, we should make it a trait to be honest and uphold justice in society. Islam emphasizes
to not only speak the truth, but to stay in the company of truthful people and make it a social
obligation to support truthful people and social justice advocators. Allah blesses the truthful
and righteous as stated in the Holy Quran:
“And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger - those will be with the ones upon whom Allah
has bestowed favor of the prophets, the steadfast affirmers of truth, the martyrs and the
righteous. And excellent are those as companions.” (4:69)54
Although staying virtuous and abstaining from these sins may sound impossible as humans are
gullible creatures and prone to making mistakes, we should still strengthen our faith and pray
to Allah to protect us from all evils, whether big or small. Indeed, by fearing the punishment
of such sins and following the Islamic ethics in our daily lives, we would be nobler and more
virtuous Muslims in the eyes of Allah. And may Allah guide us to the right path (Ameen).
Conclusion
The religion of Islam that has been around for centuries and brought light into the world during
dark ages. The Islamic ethics impacted the world in the most positive way possible and acted
as “pearls of wisdom” in every era. These are not for only Muslims but for all humanity. Islamic
ethics enlightened us about good and evil, permitted and forbidden, and so protected mankind
from all kinds of evil and will continue to do so till the end of time. Only condition is to follow
these principles not only for your own sake but for the sake of humanity and for the sake of
Allah SWT, the Creator and Lord of all creations. Islamic ethics have the power to shape the
character of a person as they align with many variations of ancient and modern-day
psychological concepts that mankind is now aware of. Islam is a religion of peace and teaches
us about inner and outer peace, integrity, equality, justice, bravery, and all that is needed for
mankind in order for them to function as a positive part of the society and make the world a
better place. Though Islam does encourage harsh punishments, the teachings of Quran and
Sunnah make it thoroughly clear that those who do evil and/or committed sins will be justly
punished and those who do good things and are obedient will be rewarded, either in this world
or the Day of Judgment.
The seven deadly sins (shirk, witchcraft, Riba, Usurping an Orphan's Property, fleeing from
the Battlefield and accusing someone of adultery) are an obstacle in our path towards become
what Islamic ethics expect or require from us and they hinder our ability to be better humans
and so are forbidden. To accomplish, Islamic ethics provide with logical explanation to
everything and so play a significant role in shaping of human character. Not only by following
these ethics a person is working for the cause of Allah SWT (Fi sabilillah) but they are also
working for the betterment of the society which will in-turn rejuvenate their minds and their
souls
54 Surah An-Nisa, verse 69

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