▪ Abstract Salt and drought stress signal transduction consists of ionic and osmotic
homeostasis signaling pathways, detoxification (ie, damage control and repair) response
pathways, and pathways for growth regulation. The ionic aspect of salt stress is signaled via
the SOS pathway where a calcium-responsive SOS3-SOS2 protein kinase complex controls
the expression and activity of ion transporters such as SOS1. Osmotic stress activates
several protein kinases including mitogen-activated kinases, which may mediate osmotic�…