Prospects for a comprehensive inventory of global biodiversity would be greatly improved by
automating methods of species delimitation. The general mixed Yule–coalescent (GMYC)
was recently proposed as a potential means of increasing the rate of biodiversity
exploration. We tested this method with simulated data and applied it to a group of poorly
known bats (Hipposideros) from the Philippines. We then used echolocation call
characteristics to evaluate the plausibility of species boundaries suggested by GMYC. In our�…

This article systematically reviews the literature on the impact of collaboration between
pharmacists and general practitioners and describes its effect on patients' health. A
systematic literature search provided 1041 articles. After first review of title and abstract, 152
articles remained. After review of the full text, 83 articles were included. All included articles
are presented according to the following variables:(i) reference;(ii) design and setting of the
study;(iii) inclusion criteria for patients;(iv) description of the intervention;(v) whether a�…

North American birds that feed on flying insects are experiencing steep population declines,
particularly long-distance migratory populations in the northern breeding range. We
determine, for the first time, the level of migratory connectivity across the range of a songbird
using direct tracking of individuals, and test whether declining northern populations have
higher exposure to agricultural landscapes at their non-breeding grounds in South America.
We used light-level geolocators to track purple martins, Progne subis, originating from North�…

A major macroevolutionary question concerns how long-term patterns of body-size evolution
are underpinned by smaller scale processes along lineages. One outstanding long-term
transition is the replacement of basal therapsids (stem-group mammals) by
archosauromorphs, including dinosaurs, as the dominant large-bodied terrestrial fauna
during the Triassic (approx. 252–201 million years ago). This landmark event preceded
more than 150 million years of archosauromorph dominance. We analyse a new body-size�…

Compared with other species, exchange among non-kin is a hallmark of human sociality in
both the breadth of individuals and total resources involved. One hypothesis is that
extensive exchange evolved to buffer the risks associated with hominid dietary
specialization on calorie dense, large packages, especially from hunting.'Lucky'individuals
share food with 'unlucky'individuals with the expectation of reciprocity when roles are
reversed. Cross-cultural data provide prima facie evidence of pair-wise reciprocity and an�…

Recently, the debate on the origins of the major European Y chromosome haplogroup
R1b1b2-M269 has reignited, and opinion has moved away from Palaeolithic origins to the
notion of a younger Neolithic spread of these chromosomes from the Near East. Here, we
address this debate by investigating frequency patterns and diversity in the largest collection
of R1b1b2-M269 chromosomes yet assembled. Our analysis reveals no geographical trends
in diversity, in contradiction to expectation under the Neolithic hypothesis, and suggests an�…

For organisms with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), skewed offspring sex
ratios are common. However, climate warming poses the unique threat of producing extreme
sex ratio biases that could ultimately lead to population extinctions. In marine turtles, highly
female-skewed hatchling sex ratios already occur and predicted increases in global
temperatures are expected to exacerbate this trend, unless species can adapt. However, it is
not known whether offspring sex ratios persist into adulthood, or whether variation in male�…

The effect of climate warming on the reproductive success of ectothermic animals is currently
a subject of major conservation concern. However, for many threatened species, we still
know surprisingly little about the extent of naturally occurring adaptive variation in heat-
tolerance. Here, we show that the thermal tolerances of green turtle (Chelonia mydas)
embryos in a single, island-breeding population have diverged in response to the
contrasting incubation temperatures of nesting beaches just a few kilometres apart. In�…

Stressful conditions early in life can give rise to exaggerated stress responses, which, while
beneficial in the short term, chronically increase lifetime exposure to stress hormones and
elevate disease risk later in life. Using zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata, we show here that
individuals whose glucocorticoid stress hormones were experimentally increased for only a
brief period in early post-natal life, inducing increased stress sensitivity, had reduced adult
lifespans. Remarkably, the breeding partners of such exposed individuals also died at a�…

Aim: Non‐tertiary centres (NTCs) in Australia and New Zealand are increasingly providing
non‐invasive respiratory support, including high‐flow nasal cannulae (HFNC) and nasal
continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), to newborn infants. We aimed to determine
the proportion of NTCs in these countries treating newborn infants with HFNC and nCPAP,
and how these therapies are used. Methods: We surveyed public and private NTCs in
Australia and public NTCs in New Zealand. The survey, directed at senior medical and�…