An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ–4
K Kroenke, RL Spitzer, JBW Williams, B L�we�- Psychosomatics, 2009 - Elsevier
Background The most common mental disorders in both outpatient settings and the general
population are depression and anxiety, which frequently coexist. Both of these disorders are
associated with considerable disability. Objective When the disorders co-occur, the disability
is even greater. Authors sought to test an ultra-brief screening tool for both. Method
Validated two-item ultra-brief screeners for depression and anxiety were combined to
constitute the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (the PHQ–4). Data�…
population are depression and anxiety, which frequently coexist. Both of these disorders are
associated with considerable disability. Objective When the disorders co-occur, the disability
is even greater. Authors sought to test an ultra-brief screening tool for both. Method
Validated two-item ultra-brief screeners for depression and anxiety were combined to
constitute the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (the PHQ–4). Data�…