Stress and cardiovascular disease: an update on current knowledge
A Steptoe, M Kivim�ki�- Annual review of public health, 2013 - annualreviews.org
Considerable progress has been made during the past decade in research on
cardiovascular effects of stress. Early-life stressors, such as childhood abuse and early
socioeconomic adversity, are linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity in adulthood. Our
updated meta-analyses of prospective studies published until 2011 show a 1.5-fold (95%
confidence interval 1.2–1.9) increased risk of coronary heart disease among adults
experiencing social isolation and a 1.3-fold (1.2–1.5) excess risk for workplace stress;�…
cardiovascular effects of stress. Early-life stressors, such as childhood abuse and early
socioeconomic adversity, are linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity in adulthood. Our
updated meta-analyses of prospective studies published until 2011 show a 1.5-fold (95%
confidence interval 1.2–1.9) increased risk of coronary heart disease among adults
experiencing social isolation and a 1.3-fold (1.2–1.5) excess risk for workplace stress;�…