Experimental models for evaluating non-genomic estrogen signaling

ML Stefkovich, Y Arao, KJ Hamilton, KS Korach�- Steroids, 2018 - Elsevier
Non-genomic effects of estrogen receptor α (ERα) signaling have been described for
decades. However, the mechanisms and physiological processes resulting solely from non-
genomic signaling are poorly understood. Challenges in studying these effects arise from
the strongly nucleophilic tendencies of estrogen receptor, and many approaches to
excluding ERα from the nucleus have been explored over the years. In this review, we
discuss past strategies for studying ERα's non-genomic action and current models�…