This monograph is a product of a multi-disciplinary and multi-national research project by researchers from China, Japan, and Australia to understand the prehistory of Guangxi Province in China based on our bio-anthropological analyses of the early Holocene hunter-gatherer sites of Huiyaotian and Liyupo. The principle focus of this volume are the micro-evolutionary history, specific and general aspects of health, subsistence strategies, and burial practices of these ancient hunter-gatherers. We hope that this monograph will provide an invaluable source of information concerning prehistoric peoples in East Asia.