Interferons and progesterone for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy: interactions among novel cell signaling pathways
Type I and/or type II interferons (IFNs) are important in establishing uterine receptivity to
implantation in mammals. Gene expression effected by IFNs may be induced, stimulated or
inhibited, but most are IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Effects of IFNs range from pregnancy
recognition signaling in ruminants by IFN tau (IFNT) to effects on cellular functions of the
uterus and uterine vasculature. For most, if not all, actions of IFNs on the uterus,
progesterone (P 4) is permissive to ISG expression, with genes being induced by IFN or�…
implantation in mammals. Gene expression effected by IFNs may be induced, stimulated or
inhibited, but most are IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Effects of IFNs range from pregnancy
recognition signaling in ruminants by IFN tau (IFNT) to effects on cellular functions of the
uterus and uterine vasculature. For most, if not all, actions of IFNs on the uterus,
progesterone (P 4) is permissive to ISG expression, with genes being induced by IFN or�…