Nonmotor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: clinical spectrum and classification
K Bayulkem, G Lopez�- Journal of the neurological sciences, 2010 - Elsevier
The majority of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) on levodopa (LD) treatment usually
experience motor fluctuations (MFs) within several years of initiation of treatment. Besides
the classic MFs, many nonmotor fluctuations (NMFs) may occur in PD. NMFs appear both in
the “on” state and “off” state. However, the clinical spectrum and the frequency of these
symptoms are not well recognized. NMFs are usually mild and less disabling than MFs but
sometimes can lead to unnecessary tests and therapies. NMFs occurring in association with�…
experience motor fluctuations (MFs) within several years of initiation of treatment. Besides
the classic MFs, many nonmotor fluctuations (NMFs) may occur in PD. NMFs appear both in
the “on” state and “off” state. However, the clinical spectrum and the frequency of these
symptoms are not well recognized. NMFs are usually mild and less disabling than MFs but
sometimes can lead to unnecessary tests and therapies. NMFs occurring in association with�…